King Lear :: essays research papers

Reaction to Gibbons, Cold Comfort Farm     I found the ending to Aunt Ada Dooms story a very Austen-like instruction of dispelling the myth of the Madwoman in the Attic. And, of course, Flora gets this idea from Mansfield Park. The madwoman, who isnt truly mad to begin with, can be cured with something as simple as a likeness of Vogue and a trip to Paris. There is no ongoing psychological torment or shimmertic death. Madness can be cured by good, old-fashioned materialism. Perhaps Bertha Rochester could have undergone the same "therapy."      Elfines wedding reception also seems to be a carriage of putting down Victorian psychological free rein and upholding Austens purism     There they all were. Enjoying themselves. Having a nice time. And having it in      an ordinary compassionate manner. Not having it because they were raping somebody,      or beating somebody, or h aving religious mania or universe doomed to silence by a     gloomy, earthly pride, or loving the soil with the fierce desire of a lecher, or      anything of that sort. No, they were just enjoying an ordinary gentle event, like     any of the millions of ordinary people in the world. (217)     Lastly, Floras jointure plot also seemed reminiscent of Austen. Her love affair with Charles is not the primary focus in the novel. Cleanliness, manners, and fashion take precedent before everything else. Only when Flora has cleaned up Cold Comfort and cleansed the farm of its Victorian characteristics can she pursue her own espousals plot.     What I love most about Cold Comfort Farm is also what makes it difficult to write about. Gibbons takes many conventions, especially those of the Victorian novel, and turns them on their head. We neer learn what Aunt Ada Doom saw in the woodshed, nor why Judith is depressed (besides her weird Oedipal complex for Seth). We never find out about the unbelief of Floras rights or what happened between her father and his relatives. Gibbons builds up these possibilities for psychological drama and deflates them all by the end of the novel. Her humorous style, and her deflation of all that is psychological and dramatic, really gives the text and Austen-like feel. female monarch Lear essays research papers Reaction to Gibbons, Cold Comfort Farm     I found the ending to Aunt Ada Dooms story a very Austen-like way of dispelling the myth of the Madwoman in the Attic. And, of course, Flora gets this idea from Mansfield Park. The madwoman, who isnt truly mad to begin with, can be cured with something as simple as a re-create of Vogue and a trip to Paris. There is no ongoing psychological torment or dramatic death. Madness can be cured by good, old-fashioned materialism. Perhaps Bertha Rochester could have undergone the same "therapy."      Elfines wedding reception also seems to be a way of putting down Victorian psychological drama and upholding Austens purism     There they all were. Enjoying themselves. Having a nice time. And having it in      an ordinary human manner. Not having it because they were raping somebody,      or beating somebody, or having religious mania or being doomed to silence by a     gloomy, earthly pride, or loving the soil with the fierce desire of a lecher, or      anything of that sort. No, they were just enjoying an ordinary human event, like     any of the millions of ordinary people in the world. (217)     Lastly, Floras marriage plot also seemed reminiscent of Austen. Her love affair with Charles is not the primary focus in the novel. Cleanliness, manners, and fashion take precedent before everyt hing else. Only when Flora has cleaned up Cold Comfort and cleansed the farm of its Victorian characteristics can she pursue her own marriage plot.     What I love most about Cold Comfort Farm is also what makes it difficult to write about. Gibbons takes many conventions, especially those of the Victorian novel, and turns them on their head. We never learn what Aunt Ada Doom saw in the woodshed, nor why Judith is depressed (besides her weird Oedipal complex for Seth). We never find out about the capitulum of Floras rights or what happened between her father and his relatives. Gibbons builds up these possibilities for psychological drama and deflates them all by the end of the novel. Her humorous style, and her deflation of all that is psychological and dramatic, really gives the text and Austen-like feel.

The Application of Information Technology Systems Essay -- Essays Pap

The application of Information Technology SystemsAs the application of IT systems is the usage of said systems, it is hard to define how this may be either morally or ethically wrong. The Internet could be considered to be morally dangerous, as a young child could easily stumble across pornography. However, the Internet makes the sharing of information easier for society as a whole, particularly in organisations and gives the individual main course to this information. Another aspect of IT systems that could be considered to be morally wrong is the theory of Big Brother, as so much information, from shopping preferences (loyalty cards) to your address (driving licence number) is held on computers giving fast and easy access to personal data. The data protection Act is designed to protect individual privacy, so only the people that need to can access your data. But how do you decide who has access to your data? On a police database, records of criminal convictions are stored, to pe ople have the right to know that a criminal is travel into their neighbourhood or does the individual have the right to keep that information private?A worker may timber that the application of IT systems in the employment may have more lasting benefits. For example opening a file on a word processor and correcting a mistake in comparison with producing the same work on a typewriter and having to redo it, will likely give more of a sense of satisfaction. An individual may feel the lasting benef...

Microsoft: Bar the Windows, a Storm is Coming :: Argumentative Computers Papers

Microsoft Bar the Windows, a Storm is Coming For the past 28 years, one company has been on the nous of PC software. Microsoft has controlled the computer industry and its consumers with their aggressive business policies, grocery storeing skills, and popular software. As a result of Microsofts disregard for the preceding rulings of the Sherman Antitrust carry against monopolies, it would be a beneficial decision for our candidate to support the states in mitigating the monopoly established by Microsoft. Microsoft was effectively established with the creation of the first personal computer, Altair 8800, by the Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems, in January 1975 (MITS). Within one month, Paul Allen and Bill Gates had written BASIC, the first language written for a PC. Microsoft earned more than one million dollars in 1978, and with the help of their Windows program as well as numerous other programs, they earned more than one billion dollars in their fifteenth year as a company. They spent much of their money investing in other companies, gaining more and more power and economic prowess(http//wwwshs1.bham.wednet.edu/curric/socst/wa/tdhist.htm). In recent years, it seems that Microsoft may have gone too far with their aggressiveness. They were accused of building a monopoly. The Dictionary.com definition of monopoly is as follows The exclusive power or privilege of selling a commodity the exclusive power, right, or privilege of dealing in some article, or of trading in some market sole command of the traffic in anything, however obtained(Dictionary.com). By this definition, Microsoft violated the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890. However, this act was written very vaguely, and certain important terms, such as restraint of trade, combination, and monopolize, were not defined. This makes it very difficult for courts to enforce and easy for powerful companies, Microsoft included, to abuse while defending themselves in cour t (Poole). But, because Microsoft is the suspect in this particular case, many of Microsofts empirical statements are merely refutations of accusations made against them. First of all, the government accused Microsoft of using its market clout to stop Intel from making technology that Microsoft was opposed to, essentially making it a monopoly by conspiring to restrict trade in the computer software industry(Chandrasekaran).

Dying with Grace, Living in Peace: Hospice Care in America Essay exampl

The beginning of life is celebrated. Books and resources are shared among friends and family in preparation for becoming a cutting parent. So, what happens as one approaches the end of life? Unfortunately, the same carry off and sharing rarely occurs in those circumstances and many face the process of dying unprepared. though most people state they would prefer to die at home, this is often not where death occurs. Many Americans spend their last days attached to health check apparatus that keeps the body alive, but it does not allow for communication with family and often requires heavy sedation. Additionally, this level of treatment comes at a high price. As a society, we must become as hassockable in addressing the end of life process as we are with the beginning of life. One way that this can be done more effectively is through increased knowledge and use of hospice make do. Hospice care is a viable option that provides health care cost savings, comfort to the patien t, and support to the caregivers, however as hospice systems become more commercialized, care must be taken to avoid the pitfalls that are inherent in larger organizations.Hospice care is a relatively young option in the United States, with the first hospice organization founded in 1971 after gaining acceptance in England in the 1950s (Jensen, 2012). Hospice care is provided to those who are diagnosed with a terminal condition that is expected to culminate in death within six months. Unlike regular health care which focuses on curative procedures, hospice services focus on the comfort of the patient in order to ease the process of dying. These services provide benefits to the patient and the caregivers, as rise up as showing cost savings. It is no secret that health... ...NHPCO facts and figures Hopice care in America. Alexandria, VA.Perry, J. E., & Stone, R. C. (2011). In the business of dying Questioning the commercialization of hospice. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 39( 2), 224-234. inside1111/j.1748-720X.2011.0059.xRobinson, L., & Segal, J. (2012). Quality of life at the end of life A guide to hospice and palliative care at home or in a hospice facility. Retrieved from Helpguide.org www.helpguide.org/ elderly/hospice_care.htmSeeger, P. (2012). Turn, turn, turn lyrics. Retrieved from metrolyrics.com http//www.metrolyrics.com/turn-turn-turn-to-everything-there-is-a-season-lyrics-the-byrds.htmlTaylor, D., Ostermann, J., Houtven, C. V., Tulsky, J., & Steinhauser, K. (2007). What length of hospice use maximizes reduction in medical expenditures near death in the US Medicare program? Social Science & Medicine, 1466-1478.

Fun and Murder in Lord of the Flies :: Lord Flies Essays

Fun and Murder in Lord of the Flies   Lord of the Flies is a story of hardships, death and ultimately, survival. The island on which the boys are on presented many difficulties. In this situation, there was no time for fun and games, work was much more important. The aggroup consisted completely of pre-pubescent young boys and the thing that destroyed their democratic ways was the allure of having lots of fun, swimming, feasts and other enjoyable activities. If the splitting of the groups, i.e when Ralph and Jack went their separate ways, the bloodshed would wealthy person been prevented. But when the decision came to be made, the promise of ..having fun.. from Jack was too much for most of the boys, and that decision they made turned them into the bloodthirsty savages who murdered two exculpatory boys.              In the beginning, when the boys first met and assembled at the platform, the conch was the symbol of power. The per son holding the conch always had the attention of everyone. in that respect was a leader, Ralph, who was elected by the  children.    Lets have a vote.    Yes    right to vote for chief    Lets vote------    This represented democracy, a government elected for by the whole population and they lived in a classless and tolerant society. There were rules which were to be obeyed by all. Nobody was exempt from them, they were agreed on by all. A fire was lit, to attract the attention of any passing ships or planes, huts were organised to be built. There were many plans for the boys but these werent fulfilled due to the laziness and incompetence of the small children, the littluns. Huts werent built deadlines werent kept. In theory, it was like anarchy. This is when the groups were starting to form, the people who enjoyed living like savages, for typesetters case Roger, and those who liked the idea of leadership, having a leader and followin g his instructions like Piggy.              This, in my opinion, is a small-scale resemblance of the real world. If there was no practice of law enforcement, or in Lord of the Flies, adults, people would be just like that. Society would collapse into chaos. The children, although they arent mature, they behave exactly as adults would in an milieu in which they inhabited. Selfish, greedy always wanting more for themselves and not caring for others.

Fun and Murder in Lord of the Flies :: Lord Flies Essays

Fun and Murder in skipper of the Flies   Lord of the Flies is a story of hardships, death and ultimately, survival. The island on which the boys are on presented many difficulties. In this situation, in that location was no time for fun and games, work was more more important. The group consisted completely of pre-pubescent young boys and the thing that destroyed their democratic ways was the allure of having lots of fun, swimming, feasts and other enjoyable activities. If the splitting of the groups, i.e when Ralph and Jack went their cleave ways, the bloodshed would fall in been prevented. But when the decision came to be made, the promise of ..having fun.. from Jack was too much for most of the boys, and that decision they made turned them into the bloodthirsty savages who remove two innocent boys.              In the beginning, when the boys first met and assembled at the platform, the conch was the symbol of power. The pe rson holding the conch always had the attention of everyone. in that location was a leader, Ralph, who was elected by the  children.    Lets have a vote.    Yes    Vote for chief    Lets vote------    This represented democracy, a government elected for by the whole population and they lived in a classless and tolerant society. There were rules which were to be obeyed by all. Nobody was exempt from them, they were agreed on by all. A fire was lit, to attract the attention of any passing ships or planes, huts were unionized to be built. There were many plans for the boys but these werent fulfilled due to the laziness and incompetence of the small children, the littluns. Huts werent built deadlines werent kept. In theory, it was like anarchy. This is when the groups were starting to form, the people who enjoyed dungeon like savages, for example Roger, and those who liked the idea of leadership, having a leader and following his instructi ons like Piggy.              This, in my opinion, is a small-scale resemblance of the real world. If there was no law enforcement, or in Lord of the Flies, adults, people would be just like that. Society would collapse into chaos. The children, although they arent mature, they behave exactly as adults would in an environment in which they inhabited. Selfish, greedy always wanting more for themselves and not caring for others.

Effects of Smoking Cigarettes

tJonathan Manning ENG 103 Professor Brookins October 10, 2012 Effects of Smoking Cigarettes In this life many addictions or temptations dirty dog leap out their way into the paths of many masses. For example, some people get addicted to drugs, alcohol, and also money. Staying away from these day to day temptations is tough but is crucial to having a heavy lifestyle. Being a little more specific, people sess get addicted to locoweed cigarettes. Cigarettes contain nicotine, which is what people get addicted to and makes them want to call for more. Smoking cigarettes atomic number 50 take a huge bell shape on someones life.People who crazy weed cigarettes have no idea how harmful it can be towards their life. It may not be known, but smoking can also lead to more than diseases, it could even lead to death. Cigarette smoking can affect a individuals life physically, financially, and socially. First of all, smoking cigarettes definitely has an affect on a persons body as a whol e. Also, many sicknesses or diseases can result from smoking such as bronchitis, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, prostatic cancer, stomach cancer, bladder and kidney cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc.Also, by smoking a person is causing damage to their lungs, which allow make it harder for them to breathe in the future, by chance even leading to live on the support of oxygen. They do not realize every time they bring that cigarette up to their mouth and smoke it, they are basically breathing in cancer and just throwing their lives away. Also, smoking can mess up a persons physical carriage such as their teeth turning yellow, and also always having smoky breath, and smoky clothes, etc. People that smoke are so addicted that they bend blind to what they are doing to their bodies and most importantly, to their health.Secondly, the addiction of smoking cigarettes can take a financial toll on a person, mayb e a toll that takes control over their spending budget. Cigarettes are not cheap in todays economy the prices of cigarettes vary in price, but can and will eventually put people into bankruptcy. If someone were to by one pack of cigarettes every single day, the money yearly would add up to thousands and thousands of dollars. Finally, smoking can also cause damage to others and a persons social life. Second hand smoke is a common disease that is affecting peoples lives today.Second hand smoke is when a non-smoking person inhales the pollution of a smoking person, taking in, unintentionally, the same fumes of nicotine and other toxic chemicals as the person actually smoking. Also, sometimes non-smokers reject smokers because they do not want to get affected by second hand smoke. From being rejected, smokers will end up friendless, stuck buying and smoking cigarettes, and maybe even stuck in depression. Getting out of depression is not an easy thing to do, it might even get a person th inking of committing suicide because they cannot keep smoking and throwing their life away.In conclusion, smoking cigarettes can harm a person in several different ways. A persons physical life, financial life, and social life can all be affected by cigarette smoking. Another effect that smoking can cause to people is a mental disability. With so much toxic acid going into the bloodstream, which enters throughout the body and the mind, people could end up mentally ill. It is hard to grasp why people can still smoke even though they know the effects that are possible to accompany into play.

Marketing Research Essay

1. Explain the difference between testing for significant differences and testing for association. If a relationship present between two variables, it is important to chouse thw direction, the direction of a relationship can be either positive or negative. An understanding of the authorization of association also is important. Researchers generally categorize the stenght os association as no relationship, weak relationship, moderate relationship, or strong relationship. If a consistent and systematic relationship is not present, then there is no relationship.2. Explain the difference between association and causation. It depends if we have a linear relationship, which means the strength and nature of the relationship between them remains the same over the range of both variables, and can be best described using a straight line or a curvilinear relationship, which means the strength and/or direction of the relationship changes over the range of both variables.3. What is covariation ? How does it differ from correlation? Covariation is the amount of change in one variable that is consistently related to the change in another variable of interest.4. What are the differences between univariate and bivariate statistical techniques? Univariate focuses on one variable, and bivariate focuses on 25. What is regression depth psychology? When would you use it? Statistical technique that analyzes the linear relationship between two variables by estimating coefficients for an equality for a straight line. One variable is designated as parasitic variable and the other is called an independent or predictor variable.6. What is the main problem caused by high multicollinearity among the independent variables in a multiple regression equation? A situation in which several independent variables are highly correlated with each other. This characteristic can result in difficulty in estimating separate or independent regression coefficients for the correlated variables.

Harvard Business Review Case- Revere Street Essay

After analysis of Mr. black lovages proposal, it is obvious why he should take advantage of a real estate investment opportunity. The experience he would gain coupled with the added income would establish a solid foundation for fashioning more investments in the future. To this end, however, I find black lovages plan for the Revere Street property falls short.A major deficiency is that his projections be closely entirely predicated on estimates and assumptions that are neither conservative nor reliable. In a similar vein, black lovages DIY approach is not only theoretical account of naivet, further also suggestive of m many(prenominal) implications that were everywherelooked in his proposal. And, even so more discouraging, a best-case scenario analysis reveals that even without complication, at that place is little room for faulting afforded by the plan. Therefore, I would not advise horse parsley to move forward with his investment strategy, as its potential for reward is farthest outweighed by its risk.In a vacuum, horse parsleys proposal would be very viable and attractive, but in reality the real estate and rental industries are incredibly inconstant and hard to predict even for specialists in those fields. The success of black lovages proposal is not just contingent upon a host of variables, but variables forecasted by an amateur lacking a sense of conservatism.To begin, the projected costs of the project embarrass no allowance for incidentals. This is a giant red flag. Even if Alexander outsourced certain responsibilities to experts, the samelihood of error and unforeseen costs in bidding for a property, closing the sale, major construction and renovation, and managing a rental property is almost certain. So, without a contingency reserve, the problems are obvious. But even worse, Alexander, a nonspecialist in any of these pursuits, is the one handling a majority of these functions- this means it is no prolonged a question of allow t here be unforeseen costs, but actually how much should be anticipated? On this front alone I am incredibly skeptical of the proposal.To bring this project to fruition and actualise the gains projected, the following processes need to occur without incident Alexanders bid essential be accepted by the seller, which requires that he obtain an appropriate mortgage, and avoid forfeiting his deposit, which could be something to the tune of $17,500 or more. For the closing sale of the property to go smoothly, there essentialinessnt be any lien issues from the existing bank withholding loan proceeds to the architect, since the construction was not finished. After this, the construction needs to be essentially error free and at an expedited pace to be complete by the four month cadenceframe set- and this is without a professional general contractor.Additionally, the job must not exceed the $165,000 figure that was given by a non-independent contractor, who very likely may have given a l ow-ball estimate to seem like an attractive candidate. The last architect was off by $115,0001, indicating that the scope of the work necessary to complete the job may be deceptive and much greater than anticipated, however there is no reserve beyond budgeted amount, making this possibly the hardest mission to accomplish. If, however, the project is completed within the four allotted months, and without going over budget, the next phase is filling vacancies, which Alexander is also planning to have accomplished by the end of the fourth month.This means that during the construction process, Alexander must also be actively marketing vacancies, searching for, interviewing, and selecting tenants, and securing leases. These tenants must also be willing to accept the rental rates to achieve Alexanders target level of rental income, which are almost $10,000 higher than the current owners figures. If this is not accomplished, he could be losing $2,000 per month on apiece unoccupied unit. B eyond these start-up efforts, Alexanders plan will only be successful if the operating costs do not exceed what is specifically budgeted for in his cash flow assumptions- these do not include costs of fixing up the units between tenants, updates, reserves for evictions, bad tenants, or law suits, and any other unforeseeable expenses.Though possible, it is incredibly hard to imagine that the stars would align so perfectly that all the aforementioned conditions are met as forecasted and result in triumph. It seems much more likely that some unforeseen incident will paralyze the process, creating a rippling effect that throws off virtually all of Alexanders predictions. For example, a delay in the closing process would delay construction, delaying when tenants can move in and therefore when income can start being generated, and so on. The plan is contingent upon virtually incident-free operation that is somehow achieved under the direction of an amateur- this is fundamentally flawed. A s such, I believe Alexanders proposal is far too deficient in and of itself to be used as a viable plan.Beyond the limitations of the actual plan, another shortcoming of pursuing this opportunity on Revere Street are the heavy implications associated with Alexanders do-it-yourself approach. By not outsourcing responsibilities to experts, he may be avoiding the explicit employment costs, but he is likely to pay more for doing the job himself later.For example, hiring a general contractor would ensure that the building is constructed to code, would be more efficient because the GC would turn in how to best handle subcontractors and manage the overall project, both of which would help expedite the process and give Alexander time to do other value-added functions. If not, Alexander risks serious code-violation liabilities, will probably manage less effectively, and the project could therefore take much longer than anticipated, which has the same rippling effect as in the aforementione d.Additionally, Alexander may have seriously underestimated how demanding the project will be, and did not consider anywhere in his proposal how this may compromise his current full time job. Even with a general contractor hired, he will still be tasked to find tenants to fill the vacancies, while juggling the rest of the logistics, and it seems like a tall order. Since it is already include in the budget, I would hire outside management at least for the duration of construction to help find tenants. matchless of the major issues being an amateur in this field is determining good tenants from bad, and the costs associated with bad tenants could be significant, and again are something that Alexander did not include in his projected costs. Management would be instrumental in mitigating this risk, as they are usually well versed in landlord-tenant laws that Alexander may not be aware of, and also add more time for Alexander to focus on other important responsibilities.In general, I dis stop with Alexanders plan to save costs by doing work himself, because this generates a greater risk for both explicit and implicit costs- i.e. bad landlord-tenant relationships could taint Alexanders reputation and dissuade other potential tenants from renting. He also risks compromise to performance at his current job, general welfare, and all of his time. By outsourcing some of the responsibilities, many of these issues could be avoided. But, if problems do arise, is it worth the consequences?Though the risks are significant and abundant, the potential for profit is always worth considering before dismissing an opportunity. To assess the profitability of Alexanders plan, I ran a best-case scenario analysis. By exclusively using the figures as set forth in the proposal, and excluding the additional costs I outlined in a higher place but were overlooked by Alexander, I determined the ceiling for profit potential. Exhibit 1 shows the cash flow assumptions, including costs and cash not included in Alexanders cash flow statement, but included in his proposal. Holding all other factors constant, year 1 of operations would realize only $2,113 in NOI and year 2, and all subsequent years, would see $15,610.On a $99,000 cash investment, his pretax return in year 1 would only be 2.13%, and then 15.8% in subsequent years. However, this is a best-case scenario, and given the major caveats discussed in the aforementioned, I believe that Alexander will actually not break even in the first year, and be looking at a significantly lower rate of return in years to come. So, even if everything were entirely feasible and it didnt come at such an immense risk, I would not say that the effort put into this project would even be worth it. unitary of the biggest risks concerning insolvency is that should Alexander not be able to cover his debts, under the banks law, he is personally responsible, which means that this investment could end up in devastation for him and his family. With so much uncertainty, and not a big return, the risk is just too great to justify pursuit of the reward.In sum, because of faults with the plan itself, the major implications of Alexanders DIY approach, and a return greatly exceeded by the associated risks, Alexander should not invest in the Revere Street property. However, I do agree that pursuing a real estate investment opportunity is wise, but under certain conditions. One of the biggest conditions that must be met is that he base his projections and deliver his plans off of expert opinions- he should invest in help and recognize that as an amateur, he is neither qualified nor capable of making the best decisions, and would receipts from seeking expert advice. Similarly, he should place more emphasis on the value of outsourcing to professionals, and less on blind trust in his own capabilities.This will also help to see the inherent value in outsourcing as the opportunity cost of not doing so might eventually end up being greater. Lastly, Alexander should invest in a property where the reward is worth the risk, and make more conservative estimates to determine profitability. By following these steps, I believe he will be able to successfully gain the experience and equity base in real estate that he was seeking.

E-Commerce Security Issues

pic INTERNAL ASSIGNMENT Name of the candidate ISHA Enrollment no. 01215903911 Course MBA stack 2011-13 Subject E-business Subject code MS-114 Topic of assignment Is credential system a real or perceptual hassle in Web doctor. Subject teachers name Ms. Sneha Chopra ABSTRACTThis project report contains the sketch of is earnest a real or perceptual problem in sack avocation. The heart includes the security related issues creation faced by the companies or organizations in their business through e- doctor. The tools being available in market to oversee with such issues and a company named ZANTAZ being involved in solving such issues like threats, hacking, frauds, and theft etc. The example of such company face hacking issues (Facebook) is also included in the study.The emerging security related issues how been tackled and their impact on the business transactions are being discussed. Table of content S. no Content Pg no 1. Introduction 4 2 Advantages & disadvant ages of e- doctor 5-7 3 Security a real problem 7-9 4 Security issues 10-11 5 Security tools 12 6 Ex-Facebook 13-14 7 Conclusion 15 8 Viper report 16 9 Source 17 INTRODUCTIONAccording to Wiegand (1997) Any form of scotch activity conducted via electronic connections is called e-commerce. Web commerceis a form ofelectronic commercethat is conducted primarily through theWorld Wide Weband other aspects of theInternet. In e-commerce the business transactions are carried out on internet and includes purchase and selling of goods and services. Many business firms set up their website in order to bring out their products & services for consumers to purchase or to get admission fee by using web browser. Websites present the consumer with various options for seeing and selecting products and services, which gloweringer speed and convenience of shop from home or the office. The consumer gains benefits of shopping 24 hours a day. picRecently the Worldwide E-Commerce Fraud Preve ntion Network was formed by American Express and e-tailers such as Amazon. com and Buy. com to establish common grounds for reducing the threats created by increasing reliance on the Internet for commerce. Membership has expanded swiftly to now include 375 large and small players united to promote the growth of e-commerce in large part by keeping fraud to a minimum. Consumer privacy is becoming the roughly publicized security issue replacing theft and fraud as top cites in e-commerce. The DDOS attacks demonstrated that business sites did non maintain adequate security apology and intrusion detection measures.Security, however, is non just a matter of technology implementing technology without the proper organizational processes will not solve security problems. There are a number of critical social and organizational issues with security. The first is that the weak link in security is often users or employees, quite a than the technology. The second is software engineering man agement, or managing how security technology is deployed. The third is the development of adequate organizational processes for risk management, separation of duties, and development of security policies, access control, and security assurance. Advantages of E-commerce Lower CostDoing e-business is cost effective it reduces logistical problems and set asides a small business with competitive advantage with giants such as Amazon. com or ecumenic Motors. E commerce helps in reducing cost of business as it enables to get access to large population. Economy It helps in development of economy. It provides the business an internationalistic platform to do transactions and get a competitive advantage in the economy and increase the productivity. Higher Margins E-business a dour with higher margins helps in gaining more control and flexibility and enables to save time when manual transactions are done electronically. Better Customer Service Ecommerce means go bad and quicker customer s ervice.Online customer service makes customers happier. Instead of calling your company on the phone, the web merchant gives customers direct to their personal account online. This saves time and capital Quick Comparison Shopping Ecommerce helps consumers to comparison shop. Automated online shopping assistants called hop bots scour online stores and find deals on everything from apples to printer ribbons. Productivity Gains Implementing the web throughout an organization means improved productivity. For example IBM incorporated the web into every corner of the firm products, marketing, and practices. Teamwork It has made the interaction easier through e-mails.It has transformed the modality organizations interact with suppliers, vendors, business partners, and customersmail is one example of how people collaborate to exchange information and work on solutions Information Sharing, Convenience, and Control Electronic commerce improves information sharing between merchants and cust omers and promotes quick, justintime deliveries. They can interact at any time through internet without any occupation jams, no crowds etc. Disadvantages of Ecommerce Security Security come ups to be a problem for online businesses. A customer does not nip confident roughly the secrecy of the payment process before they purchase anything. unaccredited access and hacking of information are the major(ip) concern. System and Data Integrity Data protection and the integrity of the system are serious concerns. Viruses cause unnecessary delays, file backups, storage problems, danger of hackers and other similar difficulties. System Scalability A business develops an synergistic interface with customers with a website. A website must be scalable, or upgradable on a regular basis to make sure customers remain with them. Ecommerce is not free Establishing a web based organization involves huge funds or investment by the management. Brands are expected to lower search costs, build trust, and communicate type. Customer Relations ProblemsIt is the foremost objective of the organization to maintain the customers loyalty with them because they cannot survive in the market for long term without them. Products People wont buy online People mostly dont prefer to buy furnitures for ex, online because they want to sit on it feel the texture of the fabric and therefore a website called furniture. com or living. com, have failed. Fake sites There are many bad sites which eat up customers money. Product quality There is no guarantee of product quality as customers cannot touch or test the product before the deal. pic Security is a real problem in web commerce. Security issues are rising day by day in web commerce and have become a major problem in the economy.The opaqueness of data collection methods on the World Wide Web has given rise to privacy concerns among Internet users. The number of hacking cases has locomote and fake sites are countless on net. From this we can ass ume how secure our business transactions on the internet. To overcome this problem many software such as firewall, etc has been developed and installed in the organizations database so that the information is been secured from outside users. Security means freedom from risk and danger. In e-business security is the main concern of the business. How safe you are while conducting business on internet is the issue of nowadays. Consumers fear the loss of their financial data, and e-commerce sites fear the financial losses.Studies have shown that consumers are interested about the lack of privacy on the Web. For example, Ryker et al. 2002 quote a Price Water House Coopers study indicating that 92% of consumers are worried about privacy, with 61% refuses to shop online. Forrester research has found that privacy fears inhibit nearly 50% of consumers from shopping online and suggests that consumers often decline to provide data requested by websites and provide false information. Online pri vacy and online security are distinct. Privacy concerns arise when consumers personal information is retrieved online without the consumers consent or knowledge and is sold to third parties without the consumers consent or knowledge.Whereas, online security relates to the confidentiality of the information, systems ability to secure itself against the conduct of unauthorized third parties, such us hackers, who attempt to access the Web sites stored information. Security Issues in web commerce- Three types of security threats 1. Denial of service, 2. Unauthorized access, and 3. Theft and fraud 1). Denial of Service (DOS)- Two primary types of DOS attacks spamming and viruses a) Spamming Sending unsolicited commercial emails to individuals e-mail bombing cause by a hacker targeting one computer or network, and sending thousands of email messages to it. Surfing involves hackers placing software agents onto a third-party system and setting it off to send requests to an intended target.D DOS (distributed denial of service attacks) involves hackers placing software agents onto a number of third-party systems and setting them off to simultaneously send requests to an intended target. b) Viruses self-replicating computer programs designed to complete unwanted events c) Worms special viruses that spread using direct Internet connections d) Trojan Horses disguised as legitimate software and trick users into running the program 2). Unauthorized access a) Illegal access to systems, applications or data b) Passive unauthorized access listening to communications channel for finding secrets. May use content for damaging purposes c) Active unauthorized access. Modifying system or data. Message stream modification Changes intent of messages, e. g. to abort or delay a negotiation on a contract d) Masquerading or spoofing sending a message that appears to be from someone else. Impersonating another user at the name (changing the From field) or IP levels (changing the them e and/or destination IP address of packets in the network) e) Sniffers software that illegally access data traversing across the network. 3). Theft and fraud a. Fraud occurs when the stolen data is used or modified b. Theft of software via illegal copying from companys servers c. Theft of hardware, specifically laptops, pen drive, cds, hard disk etc. E-COMMERCE protective covering TOOLS- 1. Firewalls- software and hardware 2. digital certificates 3. digital signatures 4. ublic key infrastructure 5. encryption software 6. Biometrics- retinal scan, fingerprints, voice, etc. 7. passwords 8. Locks and bars- network operations centers. An example- Driven by information preservation rules, corporations within the financial services sector have begun to seek assistance from companies such as ZANTAZ, a leading provider of conformation Technology Solutions. With the help of companies like ZANTAZ, a corporation can deploy proactive compliance initiatives that a) Automatically capture, arch ive and instantly retrieve email, attachments, and IM b) Monitor and get by email, IM and other electronic communication and ) Quickly restore data from back-up tapes in the event of an audit, litigation or investigation. Companies like ZANTAZ have gone to great lengths to adorn a corporation to quickly, efficiently, and cost effectively deploy proactive compliance solutions associated with electronic communication preservation, supervision, and record-keeping regulations. Example- Facebook security issues One of the example of the company facing security issue worldwide is Facebook. Facebook has been under heavy attack since the last two year as the popular social networking site has become the victim of a severe hacking spree affecting nearly every user on the site. it has become a severe problem worldwide and is still increasing.The hacks do not seem to have specific targets but happen at random with some users parolefeeds being littered with objectionable content and others not seeing anything. This led to the temporarily blocking of site and unable to access the information by the users. Some of the hacks happen in the form of click spam being sent out. A popular spam involves Kim Kardashian with a link to a video. It will say something like After watching this video I lose all respect for Kim. Upon clicking, the link takes the unsuspecting person nowhere, and hacks the account sending the same spam to all of the users friends. Other spams include ken messages and tagged photos leading people to believe they are in the link or involved with it because it is not personalized.Those will also have the same result, and continue the spamming of others walls. Impact on customer Users are outraged and some are considering deleting their profiles. Actress and director, Courtney Zito, told The ChristianPost, I have 5000 friends. My feed is littered with porn. I cant even check my news feed with anyone around because of it. This led to the decrease in the ma rket share and people have removed their pictures and are now afraid of posting anything on profile. Computer hackers attempt to break into at least 600,000 Facebook accounts using stolen username and password details every day, the social networking giant have revealed.The latest revelation came after(prenominal) Facebook issued a security announcement promoting its new Trusted Friends password restoration technique. Many of the hackers are caught out by additional authentication questions, such as asking users to identify friends in pictures, but many attempts are successful. this problem has helped contribute to the demise of Myspace a couple of years ago. The spam ran rampant at last causing many of the users to switch to the safer Facebook. pic Conclusion Security is now understood to be largely imperfect, the continual cat-and-mouse game of security expert and hacker. Important technical developments have been deployed in the last five years however, it is clear that organi zational policies may play as an important role in site security.The results of this study provide support for the assumption that consumer e-commerce adoption/rejection decisions are determined by rational behavior in terms of channel net value seen as the perceived balance of power between the overall benefits that are likely to accrue by using the Internet, and the overall barriers encountered to using it or to deriving the seek benefits Internet adopters, and especially the consumers who have embraced online shopping, perceive the total benefits of e-commerce as exceeding the total impediments to embracing/using e-commerce, whereas Internet non-adopters consider the impediments to e-commerce as drastically exceptional(a) the benefits offered by the commercial Internet. VIPER REPORT pic SOURCES 1. http//www. allbusiness. om/technology/software-services-applications-online-security/11565464-1. htmlixzz1kNGJjj94 2. http//www. allbusiness. com/technology/software-services-applicat ions-online-security/11565464-1. html 3. www. manjeetss. com/articles/advantagesdisadvantagesecommerce. htm 4. http//www. allbusiness. com/technology/software-services-applications-online-security/11565464-1. htmlixzz1kNOllPwd 5. http//www. pcworld. com/article/160545/facebook_hit_by_five_security_problems_in_one_week. html 6. http//www. dailymail. co. uk/sciencetech/article-2054994/Facebook-hackers-attempting-crack-600-000-accounts-day. html 7. http//www. eecs. umich. edu/ackerm/pub/03e05/EC-privacy. ackerman. pdf

Breaking Norms of Society

Norms are rules which specify appropriate demeanor in a given range of loving contexts. A norm either prescribes a given type of behavior, or forbids it (Giddens 1997, p. 583). The importance of norms in our society is not negotiable. Those who follow the norms of our society break meliorate chances to find stable social position, and will hardly lose it. Those who do not treat social norms properly or neglect them risk being rejected by the society within which they exist. However, as we live in extremely diverse society, happy chance the norms of society does not always lead to uniformly negative responses.My experiment has proved this assumption. It is not rare that informal (folkway) norms go against the formal ( profound) norms of the specific society. For example, many nations still praise the principles of vengeance against the legal banishment on murder. In his book, Newman spoke to the highest degree the military obedience and the legal limits of warfare in the han ds of a military. For a military during the war, wizard legal justification for killing is warfare (Newman 2006, p. 18), but this does not mean that killing should be massive and meaningless. I had a chance in my life to piss acquainted with the mickle of Russian origin.I always kept to the thought that Russian people preferred drinking alcohol during their parties, and when I was invited to their party I was hustling to that. I was already looking for excuses because I did not drink. However, it was the informal norm that each guest had to taste the hosts home-made alcoholic beverage. No one evidently knew or even imagined that I would be able to refuse and to simply neglect that long lasting informal tradition. Yet, I did refuse. In addition, I simply did not like drinking. I felt uncomfortable, because I knew that I was breaking an important norm, and still I could not step over myself.As I later understood, different nations treated their informal traditions in a similar way they preferred when other people followed them even against their will. Legal norms are frequently neglected or are not respected, but not to follow informal traditions often means not to be accepted into particular society. Moreover, I was extremely interested in tracing the reactions of other people towards my behavior. When I was offered a drink, I refused. I was surrounded by Russian people, and my refusal was extremely move to them. Later I noticed that the different people displayed different reactions in terms of my refusal.I spent the rest of the party with them, and I was hearing them talk about me here and there. Some people openly talked their displeasure with my behavior as they were talking to each other. The host of the party came up to me and whispered that I should not have behaved as that. I also heard that some people still did not reject my position, and they were even trying to justify my conduct. No one with the exception of the host has expressed his view openly. None of the Russian guests ever tried to explain me why my conduct could be negative or why I would have to follow their traditions.Ultimately, I was neer invited to this house again. From the viewpoint of sociology, norms are rather complex sets of meanings for a particular society. As I have later understood it was extremely important for the Russian host that I followed their principles and informal traditions. The fact that I was never invited to their house again told much to me, but the reactions of people at the party had told me even more. First of all, I now realize that the reaction of people at breaking informal norms is never uniform, even when these people belong to one particular society, the norm of which was broken.It is very probable that they had also broken their own norms for various reasons, and breaking social norm once may turn into the regular process of routinization. Once people have taken the initial step, they are in a new psychological and soci al situation in which the pressures to continue are powerful (Newman 2006, p. 25). One important fact meant a lot to me none of those who supported me in my behavior openly expressed his position to me. This was evidently another way not to break the norms of the society in which they found themselves, and not to face the risks of being rejected.When my Russian acquaintances stopped contacting me, I understood that I was not accepted into their society due to my refusal to drink. Probably, they could accept such conduct within their circles, but not from a person who was actually alien to their traditions as I was. I still realize that if I appeared in similar situation once again, I would have to analyze the informal traditions before I came into a new society, and would openly explain to other people why I would not perform accepted actions. ConclusionThat type of experiment had led me to several serious conclusions. First, societies treat their informal traditions more obedientl y and more thoroughly than they treat the commonly held legal norms. In my case, there were no legal norms which would make me drink, yet I was not accepted into the Russian society again. Second, the reaction of other societal members at breaking folkway norms is never uniform. In this context, there are far reaching sociological implications for such conduct even when people accepted my position they never expressed it openly.This meant that for a person to be within his own society was much more important than expressing his own thoughts and ideas which went against the norms and traditions of that particular society. I have expected that the reaction of people towards my conduct would be somewhat different I anticipated that they would be open with me and would even try to explain why my behavior was vituperate or to what consequences it could lead. However, they tried to create an impression that they were indifferent towards what I had done.Their indifference was only surface , because in their minds they were trying to weigh all pros and cons of my actions. It was evident that the way people treated their folkway traditions ultimately determined the way they behaved towards those who broke those traditions. The host of the party was one of those for whom informal traditions were extremely important he was the only one to express his displeasure to me. References Giddens, A. (1997). Sociology. London Polity Press. Newman, D. (2006). Sociology Exploring the architecture of everyday life. 6th edition. Pine Forge Press.

Outline And Evaluate The Working Model Of Memory

Baddeley and Hitch proposed that keeping has 4 comp unmatchablents. The central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer. The central executive decides how to share out and direct attention to incoming information. The phonological loop lowlife be thought of as a maintenance rehearsal mechanism for retaining verbal information. It is sub-divided into two other components, the phonological store (inner ear), which holds acoustically coded information, and the articulatory process (inner voice), which allows for sub vocal rehearsal (words you are about to say).Furthermore, the visuospatial sketchpad (inner eye) is responsible for storing visual and spatial information. In other words, it codes information in images and can create and manipulate visual and spatial images. Finally, the episodic buffer. This component takes information from different sources and integrates them together. For example, Baddeley suggested if we imagine an elephant playin g ice hockey, we have to draw out images stored in long term shop and combine them into a moving image.The running(a) memory model is good and is an improvement everyplace the multi-store model. It demonstrates how the short term memory works because it explains how we can store information briefly and simultaneously manipulate it, for example, mental arithmetic. This shows that the model has face validity, which means that the test appears to measure what it is intended to. at that place is evidence to prove the existence of the phonological loop.Baddeley thought that because longer chunks of information take longer to say, this may affect how much the short term memory can hold, rather than the capacity. This is known as the word length effect and it supports the existence of a phonological loop. However, there are also arguments to suggest weaknesses of the working memory model. The main limitation is the lack of clarity about the central executive. A psychologist argued that the central executive may be more than just one system, possibly consisting of more than one component.This could make the working memory model appear reductionist because it has only been described as being unitary and over simplified. From this, it could be suggested that it is lacking in detail and is not fully reliable. Finally, much of the supporting evidence for this model was by one of the psychologists who proposed it (Baddeley). Here, assumptions could be made as to whether investigator effects play a part as Baddeley may want to prove his beliefs. This means that the supporting evidence many not evermore be fully reliable.

DBQ-The Witch Craze

Identify and analyze at least tether major reasons for the persecution of individuals as witches in Europe from the late fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries. From the Middle Ages until the 1700s, a fevered witch craze was spread through protrude Europe. These witches were isolated, persecuted and when found, worryingd and consequently effaceed. With most of the population intemperate in southeastern Europe, over 100,000 witches were tried.It was believed that these individuals practiced black magic and were associated with the D black, but a single circumstance becomes clear when studying the witch craze and that is that there is a certain type of individual that was singled out as a witch. The legal age of of accused witches were female(Witchcraft Statistics, medico 2) and mostly over 50 years old(Witchcraft Statistics doc 3). The witch craze concentrated on elderly women who more often than not were from a mortified social class (Witchcraft Statistics, doc 1. ).A co mbination of religious beliefs, social prejudices and cultural precepts helped heighten the already uncontrolled witch persecution throughout Europe. The witch craze spread throughout the common-people of Europe, this due to a strong keep going to the persecution of witches advertised by prestigious religious leaders. Although Europe was in a state of religious ruckus due to the warf atomic number 18 between Catholic and Protestant faiths, Catholics and Protestants alike contributed to the spread of the witch craze. Martin Luther preached that sorcerers or witches are the Devils whores who steal milktorture babies in their cradles (Religious Opinions, doc 3). John Calvin, another influential religious leader said We are therefore taught by these examples that we rich person to wage war against an uncounted number of enemies (Religious Opinions, doc 4). Pope Innocent VII, issued The Witch Bull in 1484 where he stated it was the peoples obligation to get rid of witches and he gave inquisitors the right to exercise their office of inquisition and to proceed to the correction, imprisonment and punishment of witches(Religious Opinions, doc 4).The strong religious belief that witches were instruments of the Devil and that it was societys duty to eliminate them, along with the confusion and anger that was brought about by the Catholic-Protestant conflict was a contributing divisor to the persecution and killing of many a(prenominal) another(prenominal) witches. While the preachings of influential leaders against the witches was a main promoter of this witch craze, the fact that witches were women was an important factor within the faith.For centuries women within the Catholic church were seen as inferior to men and more susceptible to sin. both(prenominal) the Protestant and Catholic leaders believed that women, speci all in ally elderly women were and easy pray for the devils deeds. The stopcock of Witches a witch-hunting manual created by Dominican monks they stated that women are more likely to be witches because they are more credulous, impressionable and passionate(Religious Opinions, doc 1).Once again due to the longstanding discrimination against women within the Catholic faith, the monks were probably heavily influenced by their faith which led them to speak so badly of women. The social prejudices held by European society about women made it easier for the persecutors to pinpoint them as lesser, crazy and most of all guilty. The belief that women, specially elder women were weak and inferior is an important factor to understand why they became the target free radical for witchery charges.The thought that elderly women were impure and more corrupt was spread by the lawmakers that made cerebrate between the physical body and witchcraft. A legal conference that took place in 1618 announced that The bodies of gray persons are impure, which when theybecome diseased with malice are used by the Devil to carry out his evil deeds(Scientific Opinions, doc1). This shows a clear societal prejudice against old people, specifically older women, but not everyone hold there was a link between age and corruption.Belgian physician Johan Wier, while still showing despise towards women and asserting their inferiority with their melancholic nature and small brains, concludes that although women were prone to depression the causes of their diseases were precisely uncanny(Scientific Opinions, doc2). Although not all society was convinced about the existence of witches, the fear and prejudice against older women was a contributing factor to the persecution of this specific group.The last, and probably bullyest factor, that contributed to the fever of witchcraft was the fact that the European culture was characterized by potently superstitious beliefs. The belief that witches could control men and do a variety of spells, is derived from the belief in the supernatural that most of the European population had. Th omas Ady, as describing the feelings of an English householder explains that he cryeth out of almost poor free neighbor that he or she hath bewitched him(Testimony of Accused Witches and Eyewitnesses, doc3).The testimony of a authorise midwife at Dillingen, Germany confessed her witchcraft and admitted that she often had a good roast or an innocent child, kill immature infants at birth (Testimony of Accused Witches and Eyewitnesses, doc1). The report of Churchwardens in Gloucestershire England, reported that Alice Prabury in our parish that useth herself suspiciously in the likelihood of a witch, taking upon her not only to help Christian people of diseases (Testimony of Accused Witches and Eyewitnesses, doc4).All of these documents have in common the belief in evil women guided by the devil to preform witchcraft and unexplainable and horrible deeds such as eating young children, or bewitching young men. The fact that these happenings were not only attributed to the supernatur al, but where held as in all true, show the superstitious beliefs that so many held during the witch craze. These accusations were so serious that even those who were not guilty of anything ended up making neurotic confessions in the midsts of torture.The beliefs were held as such truth that these innocent individuals would most likely by the end of their torture end up believing what they were charged with. Some call me witch this they enforce upon me and in mathematical function Make me to credit it, cites the poem The Witch of Edmonton(Testimony of Accused Witches and Eyewitnesses, doc5). Innocent have I come into prison, innocent have I been tortured, innocent must I die wrote Johannes Junios to his daughter, clearly showing that many of these accusations were completely false(Testimony of Accused Witches and Eyewitnesses, doc 7).The combination of social prejudices, religious beliefs and cultural precepts helped spark the fire of a European witch craze that lasted over a cen tury and claimed thousands of lives. The main target of this witchcraft were poor elderly women who were easy to dispose of due to years of hatred, superstition and discrimination. The European witch craze is a frightening example of how easily mankind is corrupted by hatred and prejudice and is lead to leave rat any sense of compassion, decency and rational thinking.While modern day witch hunts have been left for the movies and books to recreate, a great deal of prejudice still exists in the society we live in. The targeting of certain weaker groups by a stronger majority sadly remains a part of 21st century society. The reality of human society is that hardly anyone is willing to go through the excruciating process of admitting they are wrong, or realizing that things like gender, age, skin-color or worship are not to be used as an excuse to harm others.

Investigate how a major event can influence the hospitality, travel and tourism industry Essay

Executive Summary within this report it outlines how a major(ip) shell can influence the hospitality, traveling and tourism industries. It pass on go into great detail close to the elect typeface and how this particular progeny impacted these industries, with topics such(prenominal) as what an event is, the chosen event in detail, and how this event impacted these industries. Table of Contents I. Methodology II. Introduction III. Findings IV. Conclusion V. References VI. Appendices VII. Bibliography Methodology after(prenominal) already lay outing the basis of the theoretical view of this report, it is now required to reflect on how the evidence volition be composed to support the theory and research inwardly this report. in that respect be a military issue of ways in which this research will be collected. Firstly it will be important to establish what an actual event is as well as definitions of the terms hospitality, travel and tourism. This can be do through secondar y sources such as books e. g. Allen, OToole et al 2011, websites and advancedspapers.The chosen event will because show how it has impacted the hospitality, travel and tourism industries in capital of Union Ireland as well as how the blue Ireland Tourism Board had this devicened as part of northerly Irelands preparation of making Yankee Ireland a coarse tourist destination. Introduction The subject matter of this report is too educate how a major event can influence the hospitality, travel and tourism industries, flavour a single event in particular, so that the impacts are to a greater extent in a personal t single rather than generalising to looking into events as a whole.Definitions will be given of what an event, hospitality, travel and tourism actually are. Topics will complicate information on the chosen event that will be discussed in greater detail, Belfast as a tourist destination, important impacts on the hospitality, travel and tourism industries. Benefits of a m ajor event within a city. How a major event can impact on a city or destination improvements, and a brief incite into northerly Irelands Tourist Boards plan for Northern Ireland to become a huge and popular tourist destination in the future. Investigate how a major event can influence the hospitality, travel and tourism industry.For this report I have chosen to research and Investigate how a major event can influence the hospitality, travel and tourism industry. The event in which I aim on investigating is the disruption if the titanic Signature Building. This report will explain in detail how the opening night of the Titanic Signature Building influenced the hospitality, travel and tourism industries. Within this report you will be introduced to the main question of this report. Topics will include talking about the grammatical formula itself, its visitant numbers, Belfast as a tourism destination, the impacts the building had on Belfasts hospitality, travel & tourism industry .The hospitality and tourism industry is a multi-billion-dollar industry with 700 million international travellers per year nigh the world, said Zainal (2012) in his book, Current Issues in Hospitality and Tourism Research and Innovations. According to the oxford dictionary the pick out definitions of what an event, hospitality and tourism actually are. An event is described as a thing that happens or takes place, oddly one of importance, a planned everyday or social occasion. Hospitality is the friendly and generous reply and entertainment of guests, visitors or strangers. And the definition of tourism is the temporary movement of lot to destinations outside their normal places of piece of work and residence, the activity undertaken during the stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater for their needs. According to Northern Ireland Tourist Board (NITB) the Northern Ireland ken is, To create the new Northern Ireland experience and get it on everyones destination wish list. As the well-known slogan for Northern Ireland 2012 was that Northern Ireland 2012 is our time, our place This means that NITB have stated that they think Northern Ireland is a rising tourist destination.And that Northern Ireland is trying to offer a unique way to be involved and to celebrate. And we as a city need to take our story to a wider audience. So as part of this transaction to take our story to a wider audience, the Titanic signature building project started. Shone and surround (2010) said that for a town or city wishing to become a tourist destination, elements such as drawing cards, accommodation, transport, infrastructure and facilities must be present. Belfast has been in the middle of this process over the away few years, and especially as 2012 was meant to be our time, our place Belfast certainly lived up to this.And a huge part was the titanic signature building. The Titanic Signature building is the worlds largest Titanic visitor pull in ion & 400,000 visitors were expected to visit the building per annum & 900,000 per annum footfall through the building. Within the first 6 months, 500,000 people had already visited Titanic Belfast. One of the most important impacts is the tourism revenue generated by an event. In improver to their spending at the event, external visitors are likely to spend on travel, accommodation, and goods and services in the force city.Titanic Belfast was part of NITBs plan to attract visitors to Belfast and Northern Ireland with a ensuant increase in revenue, which will generate jobs and income. Based on projected visitor numbers its one off the most expensive buildings of its kind in europium. It cost ? 77million to construct, with most of the funding (? 60million) coming from the publics wallet. Mike Smith, the chief executive of the building said that, We think the building is good pass judgment for money. The opening of the Titanic Belfast produced instant employment benefits as it wa s estimated that 200 people would be essential to work in the building. The projected increase in visitor numbers, from within the UK and Ireland as well as internationally, will lead to a corresponding demand for local hotels and services, on that pointfore generating job opportunities in the construction and hospitality sectors. Allen, OToole et al 2011, talked about how a major event has potential to bring new money into Belfast from outside visitors.The role event tourism is required to play in a destinations tourism development efforts will vary according to the overall tourism scheme that is being pursued. (Allen, OToole et al 2011) Belfast is now a popular short-break destination and one of Europes top visitor destinations. In 2006, Belfast had 6. 8 million tourists compared to 2011 when we had 7. 86 million tourists. There was quite a number if impacts the opening of Titanic Belfast had on tourism on not only Belfast but Northern Ireland as a whole.The Titanic Signature building is set(p) only 5 minutes from the city centre, so therefore this increasingly popular tourism attraction is not difficult to travel to, there are buses to the Titanic Quarter every 10-15 minutes from the urban center Centre. It is also within walking distance. The city centre is always crowded with tourist companies who are there to promote tours of the city, these tours run every day and very frequently, they seem to be every popular and since the opening of the Titanic Signature Building, a new tour opened up that was solely about the Titanic alone and its attractions.Events add to the range of experiences a destination can offer, and this consequently adds to its capacity to attract and hold visitors for longer periods of time. (Getz and Wicks 1994) Since the opening of the Titanic Building, this saw Belfasts biggest jump in hotel moving in in March 2012 in nearly a decade and a 12% year on year hike in revenues. Then in April saw the year on year business in Belfas ts leading hotels increase by 25%, the average is usually are 15% over April 2011.Belfasts PWC partner Stephen Curragh said, Overall, 2012 has been a successful year for Belfast hotels hence far, but it is off a very low base and will require sustained visitor numbers to bring Belfast back to pre-downturn levels of profitability. Allen, OToole et al (2011) said that events can also permit a significant spur to both public and private investment in a destination. wide-ranging scale events can play in destination renewal and in the later development of a destinations attractiveness and capacity as a tourist destination.NITB have identified delicate events and business tourism as two of their winning themes with the potential to deliver competitive advantages for Northern Ireland as part of their tourism Strategic Framework for Action 2004-2007. NITB said, Note for the Excellent Events theme, research confirms that events are an sound tool for changing perceptions and attracting v isitors. Opportunity 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Additional Visitors 150,00 333,000 200,000 150,000 833,00Additional Revenue ?24 million ?52 million ?34 million ?30 million ?140 million Created Jobs 612 1,326 867 765 3,570 This table, which can be form on NITBs 2012 guide, shows NITBs goal for the future, which is to increase tourism spend to ? 1 million by 2020 and to increase visitor numbers to 4. 5 million by 2020 It shows NITBs plan in more detail. In 2013 their plan is at its peak by expecting to have 333,000 additional visitors into Northern Ireland which will then create 52 million additional revenue and will generate 1,326 extra jobs in Northern Ireland.Events can affect the hospitality, travel tourism industries in many ways. In Belfast due to the opening of the titanic building we have shown you that there has been quite a high incline in Belfast as a tourist destination. Overall we found that the Titanic Building has had an positive impact on hospitality and tourism in B elfast. 2012 is about changing global perceptions and trying to get tourists to come to Northern Ireland, Arlene Foster.

Problem-Solution Essay Essay

It only comes once every four stratums. It is a day of unity, expression, equality and freedom. Every citizen everyplace the age of eighteen in the United States has the opportunity the right to be a part of something huge. presidential Election Day. The long awaited day that is consumed by the media, Facebook, and Twitter months in advance. An individual can ask to voice an opinion with discretion and secrecy in the voting booth, or one could also take in a more vocal approach with heated debates, obnoxious campaign signs, and even the occasional protest.after all, this is the land of the free, and if theres one thing Burger King has taught me, its that in the United States you real can afford it your room. So why is it, hence, that in the midst of the exciting and tumultuous day of our world-wide election, I see the youth of the country sitting in their dorm rooms with absolutely no intent of casting their ballots? Seeing firsthand the lack of political activity among my p eers and all those belonging to genesis Y makes me question whether or non I should care enough to vote myself.There is no argument that girlish voters (ages 18-34) digest increasingly sh possess a lack of voter yield in everyday elections. According to an article by The New Republic, 53 percent of 18-29 year-olds visited the polls in 1972. By the year 2000, that figure had dropped to 35 percent, which became a new historical low. So why is this a problem for me and my peer Generation Y brothers and sisters?The answer is clear and simple. By choosing not to vote, we are also choosing not to have anyone represent our ideals and political agendas in government. At a time with increasing student-loan debt, a shocking unemployment tell and overall declination of the quality of life, Generation Y has more reason now than ever to approach affecting political change. People who try to have do work on government are freeing to have more influence than people who do not try (Wilso n 161). All of this begins with the polls.Many causes of political apathy among the younger generation have been noted, and in some cases, several attempts have been made to soak up these voters. Registration is one of these causes and this resonates in particular with college students. First-time voters have to get a registration form, learn how and when to register, and then deliver it. Most college students will have to request absentee ballots if they are unable to go to their designated polling stations on Election Day. Unlike the older generation, younger voters are typically not stock-still settled and and then the voting process takes more effort.According to the Center for Information and Research on Civic study and Engagement, over a quarter of college students reported that they did not register to vote because they didnt know how or had missed the deadline. However, there have been steps to make this process simpler including the motor-voter bill of 1993. This allows citizens to register to vote as they are applying for a drivers license (Wilson 166).Perhaps one of the biggest causes for lower voter turnout among young people was identified through the honesty of my own roommate. Paige Toepper, my roommate and also fellow first-time voter, did not go to the polls for the 2012 election simply because she had not previously been engaged in the political issues and matte up ill-equipped to suddenly be making such decisions. I havent been following up on political relation until this point and I dont believe I should vote for something when Im not even sure what it is that I am voting for.Once I comprehend this from my roommate, I found it to be a common theme on my entire floor. The problem isnt that Generation Y doesnt care to vote but, rather, that no one has really had the chance yet to be exposed to politics in an informative light where we feel confident in our own beliefs. My proposal for the solution to this problem begins in the educatio n system. We should integrate politics and current events into our curriculum for gamey school students. This would also include the entire process for registering first-time voters, so that those who have not been exposed have a base to fall back on.The lack of voter turnout among the younger generation is a serious problem for the future of America if young people arent allowing their voices to be heard and to influence government. If people do not start voting while they are young, there is no way to know if they will ever begin to exercise this fundamental right. Being able to integrate politics as part of high school curriculum is an easy way to start getting the young generation engaged and involved. By doing this we can begin to push forward new innovative ideas and finally begin to successfully form our future as a society.

English as a Global Language Essay

In recent decades, the entire creative activity has bared witness to the rise of slope as the foundings first-string wrangle. Apart from being the primary forms of talk for ordinary tidy sum, English has in like manner poses as a means of communication in different domains such as mass communications, economics, engineering, business, aviation, political affairs, and entertainment. The read/write head has thus become apparent, how did English become the worlds lingua franca?Originally, English was only spoken as a vernacular run-in of people within the British Isles, but since the expansion of the British Empire from the middle ages to the middle of 18th century, the English colonizers have taken their local dialect to the territories they conquer (Schitz, 2004). With the exception of Egypt and Sudan, figure 1 shows that virtually of the nations beneath the British Empires control manifest the influence of the English oral communication to the local populace. figure out 1 (Schitz, 2004) Today, the English delivery is considered the primary language of most countries such as the United States, Australia, Canada, newly Zealand, Ireland, Asia, Africa (Schitz, 2004). Putting the number of speakers aside, the placement of English in the pedestal of global language throne also be attributed to the stature of the global super index number. From the very reason of the spread of English to the worlds consciousness, power plays a vital role in credit of language.David Crystal explains that language itself is dependent, in a whizz that language only exists in the human senses of those who speak it, when such people of a particular language succeed, their language comes with them (1997, 7). As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the United States being a ability nation is the study factor why English is a global language. And being the emblem for world dominance for the farthest five decades reflects that power has played a vital role in the emergence of the United States bulls eye of English as a global language (Bruthiaux, 2003, 9).Gillaume Schitz (2004) relates the strength of America as a superpower to the constant migrations in the country in recent decades. Figure 2 (Schitz, 2004) Based on Schitzs analysis, the diction and/or accent of Ameri crumb English varies dependent of the regions within the American geography, but heedless of the diversity of the American English norms, generally, American English is a world standard because of its stature among the worlds nations.In a similar magnitude, the American English language contributes to success in non-homogeneous fields such as culture, business and economy while complementing the fact that the success of the United States in other facets of human endeavour also establishes English as a global language. For instance, the multinational fast-food scope McDonalds primarily invaded the food industries of non-English speaking nations done the introduction of their food p roducts to the markets of most countries in the world.English as a global language provides an extensive communication system in the advent of globalization through overseas employment, tourism, international security and information dissemination (Crystal, 1997, 100). Overseas employment requires a ordinary language since there are applicants and employers who do not understand the native language of one another(prenominal). Similar principles can be applied in the art of music, a song cannot grasp international success and recognition if the lyrics cannot be understood (Crystal, 1997, 104).Braj B. Kachru (1995) has come up with the three circle model to represent English as a global language by categorizing the use of English as primary, secondary, and tertiary language. The drastic metamorphose in the worlds collective culture is another considerable factor on why English is the global language. Much of this is brought about by the fact that most influences on the worlds cultur al trends come from Americans.The technology of personal computing devices for instance, contributes to the proliferation of English in the context of a global language because the American life has transformed the personal computer from a sophisticated technological device to a standard business tool and home appliance. And as David Groddol indicates, English is used in most computer and internet applications just now because most of these applications are made by Americans (Graddol, 1997, 4). In addition to the trend that most transactions today are processed in computers and that the internet can be used as a means of education and resource for information (Graddol, 1997, 4).Technology in terms of communication is another vital factor that manifests the reason why English is the language of globalization (Crystal, 1997, 86), since English can avail as the universal medium to share cultures. English can also serve as the universal informant of international affairs and other in ternational issues. English should be the world language simply because it has become popular over the centuries. The rise and fall of the British empire, the drastic changes in culture, economy, bussiness, technology and communication contribute to putting the english language in the pedestal of universality.The given points in the essay answers the question should english be become the worlds language, and justifies the answers to the said questions as well. In this sense, english can be the only medium that can unite a diverse world.ReferencesBruthiaux, P. Tonkin, H. , and Reagan, T. G. (Eds). (2003). Contexts and Trends for English as a Global Language. In Language in the Twenty-first Century. Philadelphia John Benjamins Publishing Company. Crystal, D. (1997). English as a Global Language.Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Graddol, D. (1997) The Future of English?. London The British Council. Kachru, B, B. , Quirk, R. and Widdowson, H. G. (Eds). (1985) Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism The English language in the Outer Circle. In English in the world Teaching and learning the language and literatures. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Schitz, Guilaume. talking to 7 World-Wide English. 6 February 2004. eHistLing. 3 March 2008

Reflection in Nursing Essay

This assignment is a reflective account of events that arose for a nursing student during their send-off clinical placement in a community hospital. A brief definition of reflexion allow for be given, with emphasis placed on discourse. This reflection has been chosen to highlight the need for nurses to consent healthful communication skills, to provide holistic care for those diagnosed with dysphasia or speech personnel casualty and the scope of learning opportunities it has provided to improve practice in this area.All names in this text have been changed, to respect the confidentiality of the patient and new(prenominal) healthcare nonrecreationals (NMC 2002).Reflection, in this instance, is a substance of analysing past incidents to promote learning and improve safety, in the spoken communication of health care in practice. The Gibbs reflective cycle has been chosen as a framework for reflection (see appendix 1).Mr. comer was admitted to his local community hospital f or respite care. He has suffered multiple, acute strokes in the past, which has left over(p) him with severe disabilities. These include paralysis rendering him immobile, aphasia (speech loss) and dysphagia (swallowing difficulties). He relies on carers for all normal activities required for day by day living (Roper et al 1996) and is advised to have a pureed diet and thickened fluids.My mentor asked me to observe her feed Mr Comer. She had prepared my learning the week previously by providing literature on the subject of feeding ripened patients and discussion on safe practice for feeding patients with dysphagia.I was alarmed and unprepared for the physical passel of this patient, who was coughing noisily and laboriously and a thick, green stream of mucus was exuding from his mouth.I observed Mr. Comer being fed and noticed he was coughing more than normal during his meal, simply was informed that this was instead normal for him. I was asked to feed him the next day. When I uncovered Mr Comers meal he started to cough in the same manner that I had witnessed before, but this time he evaded all midsection contact. I was sapidity extremely anxious, but proceeded to load a spoon with his meal. His coughing increased in intensity accompanied by rapid eye blinking, turning his head away from me and throaty groans that I seat only describe as woed candid growling.I was terrified at this dismantle and called for assistance, thinking Mr. Comer was having some kind of seizure. I discovered very quickly from another health carer who knew Mr. Comer well, that he was protesting profusely about(predicate) the pureed dinner I was going to give him which he dislikes immensely. On the previous day, he had received an ordinary meal, mashed to a smooth consistency, which is what his carers provided for him at home.This experience left me feeling very uncomfortable and inadequate in my role. I tried to understand why he reacted so alarmingly by putting myself in hi s position. I felt anger and frustration, but more importantly the feeling of helplessness. Not being able to voice my dislike to the meal offered exacerbated the urgency of hunger or thirst.Although this experience was very frightening for me and frustrating for the patient, it has highlighted the need for me to improve my communication skills. NMC (2002) outlines that we moldiness not hit extra stress or discomfort to a patient by our actions and we must use our professional skills to identify patients preferences regarding careand the goals of the therapeutic relationship.Severtseen (1990) cited by Duxbury (2000) applies the term therapeutic communication as the dialogue between nurse and patient to achieve goals tailored exclusively to the patients needs. In this nerve dialogue is used by Mr. Comer in the form of body language and noise to proclaim his needs because of speech loss.Nelson-J wholenesss (1990) states that facial expressions are an intrinsic way to express emoti ons and eye contact is one way to show interest. The avoidance in eye contact displayed by Mr. Comer showed his distinct lose of interest. Compounding these factors was his facial paralysis, which made it especially difficult for me to ascertain the exact constitution of his feelings.The nurse must be the sender and more importantly the receiver of clear information. Patients with speech impairment or loss have a more difficult task sending the messages they want and are sometimes empty-handed in making themselves unders in additiond. (Arnold & Boggs 1995).It appeared to me that Mr. Comers cough was not only a physiological unsoundness caused by his condition, but a way for him to communicate, in this case, his displeasure. Critical analysis of this experience has pointed to the fact that I have inadequacies in my skills, to identify covert and overt clues provided by Mr. Comer to his needs. I had focussed too much on the presenting task to feed him, with my mind occupied on his safety due to the nature of his swallowing problems. I had not considered his other needs like his wishes or desires and I had not gathered generous personal information about him beforehand to know this (Davis & Fallowfield 1991).I had been unsure about what to say or do to alleviate Mr. Comers apparent anxieties and had adopted what Watson & Wilkinson (2001) describe as the blocking technique. By continuing my actions to carry on with the meal, I was cutting short the patients need to communicate a problem. I was influenced in this decision because I felt obliged to be seen to reduce his anxieties, knowing my actions would be judged by an audience of other care workers and patients on the ward. I did not respond efficiently to reduce his distress and this pressure led me to deal with the situation inadequately and for that I felt guilty (Nichols 1993).I should have allowed more time to understand what Mr. Comer was thinking and feeling by putting words to his vocal sounds and ac tions. I could have shown more empathy in the form of my own body language to promote alive(p) listening (Egan 2002) and not worried about other peoples views on my decisions and beliefs to act in a way I felt comfortable with and thought was best for my patient.Gould (1990) cited by Chauhan & Long (2000) have suggested that many of the non oral behaviours we use to reassure patients, such as close proximity, prolonged eye contact, clarification, validation, touch, a calm and soothing voice, the efficient use of questions, paraphrasing and reflecting thoughts and feelings and summarising are all sub skills with the totality of empathy.There is an abundance of information about communication, especially for nurses because it is considered by many as the core component to all nursing actions and interventions. Lack of effective communication is a problem that still exists because the learning process that leads to a skilled level of exponent may take years of experience to develo p (Watson and Wilkinson 2001).It has been quite difficult for me to admit my inadequacies in communication, but Rowe (1999) explains that a person must identify their weaknesses as an initiative for becoming self-aware. Only with acceptance of ones self, can a person begin to acknowledge another persons uniqueness and build upon this to provide holistic care.

Buyer and consumer behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Buyer and consumer behaviour - Assignment ExampleAs a matter the brand performance of these companies is better than Nandos. This first pabulum friendship has low brand awareness and for this causal agency Nandos is earning less revenue than other. Duplication of the Purchase Law has been highlighted in this case. Importance of brand locating regarding Nandos is focused in this fitting. Brand salience is important for this compevery. For this reasons various issues induct been highlighted in this assignment regarding the implementation of various salient features in Nandos. Factors related to demographic segmentation which influence the performance of the company have been focused here.The major competitive brands of Nandos are McDonalds, Hungry Jacks, KFC, Subway etc. on the whole of these brands are able to capture huge amount of market share and customers. All the competitive brands have implemented effective marketing strategies for which they are able to penetrate their target market efficiently. With the innovative food products KFC, McDonalds, Subway etc are able to satisfy their customers. They have made a good connection with the customers and fall in strong relationship with them. The company Nandos has its business in many countries of the world but it is non so efficient in its marketing strategies. For this reason the company is not able to beat its competitors. closely of the people prefer purchasing food products form McDonalds, KFC, Hungry Jacks and Subway. As a go forth the purchasing frequencies of these companies products are higher than Nandos. The buyer of Nandos purchases its food products 1.1 times for a given compass point of time. This company is able to penetrate only 23% of its target market. The brand Nandos does not have any loyal customer. But all of its competitive brands except Subway have many loyal customers. This is mavin of the important reason for which the sale of Nandos

Histroy 101 Western Civ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Histroy 101 Western Civ - Essay suitAthens as a democratic state was oftentimes emphasized during the 4th century BC although many historical docu custodyts have shown that democracy as a way of bearing was very much practiced as early as 5 B.C. The word Demos connotes two important things for Athenians- village and community. Village was the smallest unit of govern handst at that time. People belonged to a certain village in fact, men who are at least 18 years of age could participate in the Assembly. The Assembly was attend by anyone from the village that wants to have their voice heard. This included Demosthenes who tirelessly rebukes citizens to recall certain events since the people were ever so present in such Assembly (Blackwell, 2003, p6). It was of grave importance to always attend to the concerns being discussed during the say meeting. The characteristics of such a meeting showed the democratic ideals of Athens. First, anyone can speak regardless of trade or congeal in society, especially if the issue at hand is about governance. For other concerns that needed specialized knowledge, a craftsman is called forth to shed opinion on such matters (Blackwell, p7). These rules during an assembly imply that democracy was highly-valued and actively practiced. Democracy is not in force(p) a lofty ideal since it was practiced by the citizens. The assembly just shows how wealth is considered inferior to the democratic rights of its citizens (Lewis and Lewis,p.219). The practice of democracy was further heightened by Pericles during 460 B.C. Previously, public officials were appointed found on wealth or birth status. Such criteria for public office were promulgated by statesman or Cleisthenes. Pericles made the selection more democratic by allowing patrons to represent slaves and resident aliens, which is referred to as comparability of opportunity. Although such practice earned criticism of historians since they believed it promoted aristocracy, the i mportant to consider was the fact that representatives were chosen base on merit. Merit does not include wealth nor birth status which allowed men from all walks of life to have a say in matters of the state. This philosophy of Pericles is again an example of how democratic ideals permeated the political organize and governance of Athens. Interestingly, art became a willing medium of democratic ideals for this civilization. The assembly provided enough fodder for playwrights to relieve oneself plays that can be considered political satire. In the same manner, the epic Iliad which is a gory depiction of battles is likewise said to have an underlying tone of political satire. According to Stewart, The Battle Between Frogs and The Mice is actually a satire with a pacifist theme. Again, the relevance of political satire when it comes to democratic ideals is that such art forms educe how vigilant Athenians are over issues that concern their homeland. Pacifism is a philosophy adhered to by Athenians for they were not men of war like Spartans. Although critics may disagree with such stand, this emphasizes to students of history that this society respected the opinion of its citizens. Lastly, the consort setting in Greek plays also demonstrates the ideals of democracy in Athens. Studies relating performing arts assert that slaying reflects, encodes cultural models (Goldhill and Osborne, 27). Democracy is expressed by the choir

Mobile Computing and Mobile Computing Security Essay

alert Computing and energetic Computing Security - Essay ExampleToday, a whole variety of fluid calculation platforms much(prenominal) as in-dash VGA displays and automobile computers which feature a variety of applications and functions such as global view systems (GPS) and radar detection systems atomic number 18 available for the mass market ( alert computing, 2006).Some mobile computing devices use WLAN (Wireless topical anesthetic Area Network) as their means to communicate and acquire data. A WLAN is a LAN (Local Area Network) connected through radio or other radio means. One of the advantages of using a WLAN is the flexibility it offers to overcome restrictions of physically connected networks to space restrictions. It is easy, wire-free and primary to use. WLAN allows data access without having to jack-in or plug to a wired network (Shriraghavan et al, 2003).Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) transmits and receives data through fixed line network called access point s. An bea called a hotspot results from the area covered by each of the access points. Each access point serves many subscribers and they alter their access points as they transfer from one point to another. As the number of access points in a WLAN increases, the size of the network also increases (Shriraghavan et al, 2003).Satellite Networks This type of network uses communications satellites acting as central points for transferring data. The subscriber uses a satellite dish antenna and a transceiver to transmit and receive data. This network is normally a better alternative for rural areas where broadband, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and cable television systems are not ready to hand(predicate) (Shriraghavan et al, 2003).Cellular Networks The advent of mobile phones or cellular phones ushered in the creation of cellular networks. A cellular network operates by serving different frequencies or bands to handle calls and other services such as short message service (SMS). A cel l site is commonly composed of 3 grassroots parts a control unit, a receiver and a transmitter connected to a Mobile Telecommunications Center that is also interconnected with the public telephone systems (Shriraghavan et al, 2003).Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks An ad-hoc network results from the creation of several footling nodes or motes, tiny powered self-contained computers that are linked through radio around a small area. Motes are capable of communicating and exchanging data with each other over short distances and are usually formed temporarily. Ad hoc networks are common and have several practical military applications (Shriraghavan et al, 2003).Mobile Devices Mobile devices could include the following Laptop computers, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and handheld PCs, Pagers and cellular phones and task devices, such as bar code scanners. Laptops, PDAs and man-portable handheld PCs are computing devices that can run a number of programs and applications for every sort of business, enterprise and more recently for the modern home. Laptops are basically portable versions of personal computers (PCs) which equal or even rival the computing power of modern desktop units. They are similarly supported by their manufacturers in the