The Ottoman Sultans Were Not Very Turkish

The Ottoman Sultans Were Not Very Turkish The Ottoman Empire ruled over what is now Turkey and a large portion of the eastern Mediterranean world from 1299 until 1923. The rulers, or sultans, of the Ottoman Empire had their paternal roots in Oghuz Turks of Central Asia, also known as the Turkmen.   The History of Concubine Mothers However, most of the sultans mothers were concubines from the royal harem - and most of the concubines were from non-Turkic, usually non-Muslim parts of the empire. Much like the boys in the Janissary corps, most concubines in the Ottoman Empire were technically members of the slave class. The Quran forbids the enslavement of fellow Muslims, so the concubines were from Christian or Jewish families in Greece or the Caucasus, or were prisoners of war from further afield. Some residents of the harem were official wives, as well, who might be noblewomen from Christian nations, married to the sultan as part of diplomatic negotiations. Although many of the mothers were slaves, they could amass incredible political power if one of their sons became the sultan. As valide sultan, or Mother Sultan, a concubine often served as de facto ruler in the name of her young or incompetent son. Ottoman Royal Genealogy The Ottoman royal genealogy begins with Osman I (r. 1299 - 1326), both of whose parents were Turks. The next sultan likewise was 100% Turkic, but beginning with the third sultan, Murad I, the sultans mothers (or valide sultan) were not of Central Asian origins. Murad I (r. 1362 - 1389) was 50% Turkish.  Bayezid Is mother was Greek, so he was 25% Turkish.   The fifth sultans mother was Oghuz, so he was 62.5% Turkish. Continuing in the fashion, Suleiman the Magnificent, the tenth sultan, had about 24% Turkish blood.   According to our calculations, by the time we get to the 36th and final sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI (r. 1918 - 1922), the Oghuz blood was so diluted that he was only about 0.195% Turkic. All of those generations of mothers from Greece, Poland, Venice, Russia, France, and beyond really drowned out the sultans genetic roots on the steppes of Central Asia. List of Ottoman Sultans and their Mothers Ethnicities Osman I, TurkishOrhan, TurkishMurad I, GreekBayezid I, GreekMehmed I, TurkishMurad II, TurkishMehmed II, TurkishBayezid II, TurkishSelim I, GreekSuleiman I, GreekSelim II, PolishMurad III, Italian (Venetian)Mehmed III, Italian (Venetian)Ahmed I, GreekMustafa I, AbkhazianOsman II, Greek or Serbian (?)Murad IV, GreekIbrahim, GreekMehmed IV, UkrainianSuleiman II, SerbianAhmed II, PolishMustafa II, GreekAhmed III, GreekMahmud I, GreekOsman III, SerbianMustafa III, FrenchAbdulhamid I, HungarianSelim III, GeorgianMustafa IV, BulgarianMahmud II, GeorgianAbdulmecid I, Georgian or Russian (?)Abdulaziz I, RomanianMurad V, GeorgianAbdulhamid II, Armenian or Russian (?)Mehmed V, AlbanianMehmed VI, Georgian

max weber essays

max weber essays Max Weber has written a book that is very articulate in crediting the rise and success of capitalism to the religious affiliation of those who prospered. These accounts are put forth in, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Weber discusses the Protestant religion specifically, but raises general points that illustrate the effects beliefs have on the social order. Weber speaks of the Protestant Ethic as being a work ethic in which followers of this religion incorporated their religious ideals and values into their own economic lives. The way they ran their business and their attitudes towards gaining wealth and how they would spend it was all derived from the way their religion showed them how to live all aspects of their life. On top of the work ethic there was another quality that Protestants felt to be necessary to be living life the correct way and that was individualism. This individualistic attitude can be understood to create a competitive mindset for those in business. Weber's study has produced thoughts about how we see religion. Weber does not limit religion and its importance strictly to worship, but also how it affected society and the peoples roles in acting upon their beliefs. For Weber, religion also has another function. Weber intends to conclude that religion is a practice that transcends theological devices. When Weber looks at the emergence of capitalism, he looks closely at the all of the cultural aspects of the state that could influence the economic structure. He looked at states that had adopted capitalit traits and also the ones that did not, in order to explore where it rooted. He concluded that states without a strong religion did not develop capitalit qualities. Weber does not define capitalism in this context as one ideal or form of economic strategy, but instead he plays off the idea of attitude. He talks about the work ethics of men who ...

Business Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Business Final exam - Essay Example For example with the development of the recent accusations against AB sugar, there is a need to strategize. Strategizing will involve analyzing the eight business environments in which the company operates. Here we analyze the people who are the end users of the product or the people we do business. Their identities, consumption behaviors, habits, needs and even their situation in life. The company AB sugar deals with a complex customer environment that includes other businesses, the government, groups, and even the individual himself (Albrecht, p6). All these people represent AB sugar’s patrons. Analysis of the consumer environment may be demographically in terms of gender, age, and their buying habits. How health conscious are they and what is their attitude towards institutions and companies like AB sugar (Albrecht, p5). Here the issue of the customer also comes up. Whom are we competing? We should aim at identifying their weaknesses, their current and previous behaviors and get to know their motives. Interaction between the potential competitor and the customer you are both aiming to do business with is an issue to look at. What are the products they are bringing into the market (Albrecht, p6)? For example, the players, in this case may be other companies in the same line of business, sugar, and who may be influencing the customer to do less business with you (Albrecht, p6). The economic environment is complex and volatile. In this case, we look mainly at the market itself. What are the latest trends, prices, and even costs? What is the market dynamics generally? AB sugar needs to be up to date with the changes taking place in the market in order to identify changes it may benefit from or those it needs to change for it to benefit (Albrecht, p6-p7). What are the new technologies developed, what are the trends in technology for example in production or marketing or what are

Literature review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature review - Assignment Example Based on the above facts, Social media can be described as a communication tool that allows you to create, generate and share content with other users. Examples of social media tools are social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Wikis, blogs, tagging, live feeds among many others (Anderson, 2012). The field of social media has time and again been attacked; it is blamed for having swallowed the traditional media. However, the field of social media has relatively eased the work of the traditional media sources. In fact, I tend to think that the field of social media has opened up new avenues for the traditional media to broaden their scope and offering (Anderson, 2012). The internet has made the world a global village where one could get easy access to information, learn and conduct financial services by a click of the mouse. For the traditional media, this shouldn’t be seen as a competition but rather a new frontier to expand their horizons. Traditionally, users would receive information in a one way format. For example, a newscaster at CNN would read the news and all the rest would listen and watch; it is a one way communication. A customer of a bank, for instance, has to visit his/her local branch in case he/she has problems accessing money on the bank account. A foreign student who wished to have more information on a course offered at a local university would have to browse through pages of the university website and find no one to answer the questions that he/she may have concerning the degrees. Flash forward to nowadays, and you’ll see a newscaster through the official Facebook page, Twitter, email, even text messages mode of the station is able to receive thousands of reviews from the viewers concerning news stories that they aired. A company that places an advertisement can be able to device if its marketing strategy was successful enough. A student wishing to learn more information can use social media tools

It Is Time To Legalize Marijuana Essay -- Pro Legalize Marijuana Essays

â€Å"What goes around†¦ comes all the way back around† –Justin Timberlake. What a fitting lyric from one of today’s biggest pop stars and one that fits the X Generation perfectly. Already, we have brought â€Å"back around† old styles of fashion and music. Now, as more of our generation begins to enter the political world we are seeing a change in policies that have held firm for almost a century. More specifically, we are seeing a change in the attitude toward marijuana and whether or not it should be legalized. During the time of illegalization of marijuana, the drug had a vastly negative feeling associated with it, which many people now believe to be inaccurate and unfair. Now that people are more informed, more connected and more vocal, the United States government should allow and even encourage more research of the dangers and addictive nature of the drug which will assuredly legalize medical use and possibly recreational use to benefit people and the economy greatly. This paper will discuss many topics pertaining to marijuana. It will begin by explaining the history of marijuana in this country. Then it will discuss public opinion of marijuana and reasons for that opinion. Next, it will dispel false rumors about the effects of marijuana. It will then talk about a few disadvantages of marijuana. After it will counter those disadvantages with several advantages of marijuana. Next, it will discuss Colorado and Washington State’s situation since legalizing marijuana recreationally. It will then inform the reader of the other states pursuing legalization of marijuana in some degree. Finally it will conclude with Arkansas’s take on marijuana and efforts to get it passed medically. VOCABULARY Throughout this paper many terms will b... ...ring Opinions on Medical Marijuana. The Times-Tribune. 29 January 2014. Web. 17 February 2014. Marijuana Policy Project. The High Cost of Marijuana Prohibition in U.S. Web. 08 May 2014. Marijuana Policy Project. 2013 Top 50 Most Influential Marijuana Users. Web. 08 May 2014. Marijuana Prison Statistics. THEU1. Web. 08 May 2014. Marijuana Timeline. Frontline. Pbs.org. Web. 17 February 2014 Network, Jolie Lee. Colorado Makes $3.5M in Pot Revenue in January. USA Today. Gannett, 11 Mar. 2014. Web. 06 May 2014. Poll: Arkansas Voters Support Raising Minimum Wage, Split on Medical Marijuana. Arkansas News. Web. 08 May 2014. State Marijuana Laws Map. State Marijuana Laws Map. Web. 07 May 2014. Wile, Rob. HIGH TIMES: Legalized Pot Is Expected To Be Huge For Washington And Colorado Tax Revenue. Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 18 Nov. 2012. Web. 09 May 2014.

Implement person centred approaches in a health social care setting Essay

1.1 define person centred values.  Person centred values are there to ensure that the person using the service has all decisions about care ect. Made around them and their needs. 1.2 explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person centred approaches to establish the needs and wishes of the individual and make sure these are met. This also means that the individual will feel empowered and have some sense of control over their lives. 1.3 explain why risk taking can be part of a person centred approach. Because taking risks involves risk assessments which the individual can be made a part of. Also it empowers individuals to make choices and take risks in their lives. see more:identify possible barriers to active participation 1.4 explain how using a persons care plan contributes to working in a person centred way. Because no two care plans are the same as they are about an individual using the care plan means we are working to suit the individual taking into account their likes and dislikes. 3.1 explain the importance of establishing consent when providing care or support. This is important as it then includes the individual in decision making, and to ensure they don’t feel ignored or under valued. 3.3 explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established. I would discuss the problem with my manager and possibly a doctor or advocate for the individual. Also I would make a record of this and sign and date it. 4.1 describe how participation benefits an individual  this benefits individuals as it makes them feel important and that things are done for their benefit and with their consent. This benefits the individual as it makes them an active part of making choices about their lives and how they live . 4.2 identify possible barriers to active participation emotions disabilities attitudes strict routines lack of training

Everything Is Possible

Example, Ryan and Aaron only get sales of about $17,000 in the first year but they put more effort on their business ND start to double their sales each year and eventually reach an amount of $1 5 million a year. Although they gain a lot of profit through the large amount of sales, but they bravely plow most of the money back to the firm so that the profit of the firm can grow dramatically in a short time. This shows that we need to be brave to face the risk so that we can get a better result in our business.Before Ryan and Aaron start their business, they set a goal for themselves which is to help small businesses to compete with large businesses by having an inexpensive way which is by rumoring online. The above shows that we need to set a goal first before start working on something so that we won't confuse when we are middle of our working. Ryan and Aaron also realized the American economy and made good use of the internet and other technology. It will be hard if we don't underst and the economy of our working area.It will be more easily to start a business when we understand the economy of our working area. Not only that, if we made good use of the internet and the technology around us, we will be able to minimize our work and maximize the result. Lastly, Ryan and Aaron hire smart people and train them well to work with them so that they can handle a diverse customer base. This show that we needs to hire not only good but also smart employees so that we can higher our profit and lower our expenditure.Answer for question 2 Stakeholders of ‘Contact are people and groups affected by, or that can effect an organizations operations, policies, and decisions of [Contact. To balance the need of the stakeholders, we need to prioritize business and stakeholders needs. In order to feel like the company is still yours without offending or losing big stakeholders that intricate money to keep your company in business you need to take a moment and prioritize busines s needs and stakeholders' needs.This means that we have to capture business processes and link them to projects software and capabilities. We will also need to modify our procrastination as our understanding of the application an s Keener needs change. We need to take Into consideration ten customer needs as well by involving them in the project. Center development activities around stakeholder needs are also one of the ways to balance the need of the stakeholders. By leveraging certain developments or user center designs we can accept the fact that stakeholder needs will change over time.As our business changes so will the needs of the stakeholders and we will also need to meet their changing needs. The most important way is to understand available assets. By understanding what assets are available to the business we can also balance asset reuse with stakeholders needs. Some examples of business assets would be legacy applications, reusable components, etc. Answer for question 3 Th e two entrepreneurs most impressed me is that we are almost the same age when hey starts their business.By their age, I'm still studying but they already started their own business and started to earn money by themselves. They are also very brave to face the risk. As we know, they plowed most of the money back to the firm so that the firm can grow dramatically over time which shows that they are very brave to face the risk. They seem very different from the typical college student. Usually, a typical college student Just represents certain subject or society in the college, but they starts they own business which is no relation with the college.

Mary Stuart †Elizabeths Rival †English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)

Mary Stuart – Elizabeths Rival – English Literature Essay (100 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Mary Stuart Elizabeths Rival Essay English Literature (100 Level Course) Mary Queen of Scots was Elizabeth’s great rival. She was very different from her cousin Elizabeth; she was a warm-blooded woman, who often yield ed to her private passions, and lacked the instinctive political skill and deep understanding of her people possessed by the queen of England.Mary Stuart was the grand-daughter of Henry VIII’s sister, Margaret, and next in succession after Elizabeth. She was sent to France in 1548, and in 1558 married the Dauphin of France, Francis II. In 1559 Francis became King of France, but he died in the following year. Mary returned to her country in 1561. When Mary had married the Dauphin, Scotland was still a Catholic country, but the great prelates were often corrupt and inefficient. The common people opposed the privileges and corrupt practices of the clergy, as well as the insolence of the French troops, who, in Mary’s absence, ruled Scotland as if it were a Protectorate of France. As the English had identified Catholicism with Spanish pride, so the Scots began to identify it with French insolence. This was the situation which John Knox, a Scottish Protestant reformer of Calvinistic tendency, was able to exploit by preaching the Protestant doctrines. He was successful because he had the help of many of the nobles, and of Queen Elizabeth, who was afraid of a Catholic Scotland. When Mary returned to Scotland, she thus found a Protestant country; she was nevertheless supported by the Catholic powers of France and Spain, who hoped that she would reintroduce Catholicism into Scotland, or that she would become Queen of England, if Elizabeth were declared illegitimate or died. For several years, however, Elizabeth did not interfere in the struggles between Mary, the Scottish nobles and John Knox. Mary would probably have been successful if she had been able to control her private life. But she married a descendant of the Tudors, Lord Darnley, who was mysteriously murdered in 1567. After three months, Mary then married a Scottish lord, the Earl of Bothwell, who was suspected of the murder of Darnley. Public opinion, the Pope, France and Spain abandoned the Queen. Many feudal lords took up arms against her. After some months of fighting, Mary was taken prisoner and deposed in favor of her son, James. She escaped from prison, and took refuge in England. Elizabeth kept her a virtual prisoner for nineteen years, from 1568 to 1587, but Mary became the centre of several plots. These were planned by Spain and by the extreme wing of the English Catholics, who wanted to see a Catholic queen on the throne of England again. Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth, but the majority of the English were for their queen, and the Commons repeatedly asked for the execution of Mary. For many years Elizabeth refused, partly because Mary was her cousin, a woman and anointed queen. partly be cause she knew that Mary’s execution would lead to a war with Spain, which England could not yet afford- Only in February 1587, after the discovery of the latest plot, did Elizabeth consent to her cousin’s execution: on February 8, Mary was beheaded, a tragic figure in a great and tragic age. Research Papers on Mary Stuart - Elizabeth's Rival - English Literature Essay (100 Level Course)Quebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Assess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMind Travel19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

The Balance Sheet essays

The Balance Sheet essays Although the balance sheet was first implemented just a couple of centuries ago, it has quckly developed and sophisticated to become nowadays a widely used and powerful tool in the hands of professional users, well known and popular even among the mass public. In spite of its prominence, or may be because of it, the balance sheet can not be easily and fully described in a few words, but still, if we leave aside its various functions and forms and any other subjective factors, we can state that the balance sheet is a summary of an enterprises' assets, liabilities and equity at a specific moment of time. To simplify this description even further we could say that the balance sheet shows an entity's possessions, obligations and others' debts to it. The "objective" point of view however is often too restrictive, and the most simple things many times prove to be rather complex... Among the thousand more complex definitions appended to the balance sheet one of my favorites is the definition given by .... according to which the balance sheet is a statement meant to communicate information about the financial position of an enterprise at a particular point in time, summarizing the information contained in accounting records in a clear and intelligible form, giving information about the financial state of an enterprise and indicating the relative liquidity of the assets, showing the liabilities of the enterprise (i.e. what the enterprise owes and when these amounts will fall due), able to assist the user in evaluating the financial position of the enterprise, being however only part of the data needed by users. Or to summarize this long description with which I completely agree, I could say that although the balance sheet is one of the most outstanding instruments in the hands of financial analysts, managers, investors and other users, its importance should not be over emphasized, it has to be viewed along with many other documents, and...

Intercultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Intercultural Communication - Essay Example Cultural Patterns includes the common beliefs, norms, values, and social practices of a particular community of persons (Lustig & Koester, 2013). The cultural pattern of the Egyptian Muslim group is different from the cultural patterns of Emily’s Roman Catholic group. Mediated communication brings people of diverse cultures, like me and Emily, together (Durant, 2009). In terms of culture, the value of my Muslim and Egyptian group is clearly different from the values of the Roman Catholic Portuguese group. Muslims pray differently from the Roman Catholic devotees. Values, including religious and cultural values, can be described as what one group believes as right or wrong. For example, the Muslims espouse Mohammad is Allah’s messenger and Jesus is a Prophet. However, the Roman Catholics insist that Jesus Christ is a God. Muslims do not celebrate Christmas whereas Roman Catholics celebrate Christmas, the day Mother Mary gave birth to the Christian’s savior, Jesus Christ. Likewise, the Muslims visit Mecca once in their lifetime, when finances allow. On the other hand, the Roman Catholics can visit Jerusalem, the Holiest place of the Roman Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and other Christian groups to celebrate how the God Jesus Christ took the form of a man to save mankind from Satan’s evil embrace and bring the Christians to Paradise (Durant, 2009). Further, it is basically similar to clarity of language communication messages within my culture group and within the other person’s culture. Both Muslim and Roman Catholic groups use similar body language to show how one feels. Both groups comfortably communicate information within their own group. Muslims use the Koran during their religious discussions. On the other hand, the Roman Catholics use the Holy Bible as the center of their Christian beliefs (Durant, 2009). Furthermore, the member of one group can increase knowledge on the other group’s culture (Lustig & Koester, 201 3). Understanding the other group’s culture is a big step towards ensuring cooperation and camaraderie between the two different groups. Next, the members of the two different groups shall have the motivation to enhance understanding and cooperation between the two groups. Communication includes understanding (Tanova, 2010). Also, culture influences how communication is understood (Tanova, 2010). Members of both religious groups must accept the different culture of the other religious group. Instead of forcing one’s religion on the other group, one group must learn to accept the other group’s religious preferences. Forcing one’s beliefs on others equates to discrimination. Part II. Communication can be described as the transfer of messages from one person to another (Lustig & Koester, 2013). The Egyptian person uses English language to communicate with the Portuguese correspondent. The Egyptians inherit the Egyptian culture and language from their parents and grandparents. Likewise, the Portuguese person inherits the Portuguese culture from one’s own parents and grandparents. Further, language communication includes two types (Lustig & Koester, 2013). The first type is spoken communication. Most Egyptian immigrants to the United States, like me, use the English spoken language to discuss topics to the Portuguese friend. The Portuguese frien

Sexual harrassment in the workplace Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual harrassment in the workplace - Article Example The writer believes that sexual harassment is a costly matter at company level and on a personal level for the victims. Consequences companies can face are in three levels: business consequences, legal consequences and personal consequences. Business consequences are such as low productivity among staff members. Sexual harassment reduces the victims’ morale. Some victims who were valuable to the company end up resigning from their jobs. Companies would also have to deal with unnecessary operational costs. In a hypothetical situation, these costs are identifiable when a senior member of the staff in the company goes on a business trip with a junior staff member. The senior member wants the junior member to satisfy their sexual needs and work related obligations. In that case, the cost incurred in funding the junior member’s trip is a waste of company resources (Prekel, 2010). The writer argues that the consequences also extend to a company’s reputation. For exampl e, the writer postulates a situation whereby somebody discovers that a company has cases of sexual harassment. The person finds out again that the management of that the company is lax in dealing with the harassment cases. The writer states that this revelation would dent the company’s image among clients and the public. Consequences under legal actions are such as costs the company will have to incur in litigation. By law, employers should account for any cases of sexual harassment under their purview regardless of their knowledge or ignorance of sexual harassment at the workplace. Another possible consequence could be that a harasser who has faced disciplinary action can take advantage of the fact that, the company does not have a clear sexual harassment policy to challenge the action taken against him. This reaction means that the company would have to incur the cost of defending their action in a court of law financially. On a personal level, victims get