The Synthesis Of Aspirin ( Acetylsalicylic Acid )

Abstract This report presents the synthesis of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as the product of the reaction of salicylic acid with ethanoic anhydride under acidic conditions. Aspirin was purified through recrystallisation by vacuum filtration, followed by desiccation of the Aspirin crystal over silica gel. The percentage yield was calculated as 44.89% and a sample of Aspirin was analysed using infra-red spectroscopy and compared to the spectrum of pure Aspirin, this served as an introduction to the identification of functional groups in organic compounds. The melting point was calculated using an IA9000M apparatus and recorded to be 35.2 °C, which was slightly below the melting point of pure Aspirin; known to be between 138-140 °C. Both IR spectroscopy and melting point measurement were used verify the purity of synthetic Aspirin made, which proved to be fairly pure under these laboratory conditions. Key Words Salicylic acid Aspirin Felix Hoffman Ethanoic anhydride Infra-red spectroscopy Acetic acid Health and Safety Laboratory coat and safety spectacles were worn at all times. Ethanoyl anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid are highly corrosive. Ethanol is flammable, salicylic acid is irritant to eyes and skin. Chemicals were handled in the fume cupboard. Plastic gloves were worn throughout the experiment. Introduction Medicinal records of the properties and use of bark willow extend back to ancient civilisations such as the Chinese and Egyptians. By 400BC whenShow MoreRelatedMicroscale Synthesis of Acetylsalicylic Acid1211 Words   |  5 PagesSynthesis of Aspirin Ling Tecson Gamido, Mitchiko Mariel M. Mizukami Abstract Acetylsalicylic acid, or also known as aspirin is known to be a drug that relives people of pain and is commonly used even today. It is synthesized from salicylic acid and ethanoic anhydride, both of small quantities. Phosphoric acid was used as a catalyst in the synthesis to speed up the process. Esterification is involved and the final product is aspirin with the presence of acetic acid as the byproduct. In orderRead MoreSynthesis of Aspirin1618 Words   |  7 PagesSypnopsis In this experiment, acetylsalicylic acid was synthesized from the acidification of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The objective was to convert a specific amount of salicylic acid into the same amount of aspirin that was high in purity. Furthermore, the other objectives were to enable students to conduct the synthesis of aspirin, reinforce skills or recrystallisation and the technique of melting point determination. The amount of each compound should be the same because there isRead MoreHistorical Developments Relevant For Aspirin Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Developments Relevant to Aspirin: A historical Development that relates to Aspirin is the father of our modern Medicine Hippocrates, who was a Greek Physician, left records of how they treated headaches, fevers and pains, and to ease child- bearing pains with a powder made of the leaves and bark form a Willow Tree. Also the Ancient Egyptians left a medical text called â€Å"Ebers Papyrus† which is also lists willow among a list a plant and animal remedies for pain relief, fever reduction, andRead MorePreparation of Aspirin and Determination of the Melting Point1445 Words   |  6 PagesPREPARATION OF ASPIRIN AND DETERMINATION OF THE MELTING POINT Ferrer, Lara Melissa V. Faculty of Engineering University of Santo Tomas Manila, Philippines ABSTRACT This experiment involved three steps: synthesis of aspirin, isolation and purification, and the estimation of purity of the final product. The synthesis involved the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalyst, phosphoric acid, H3PO4. When the aspirin was prepared, it was isolated and filtered. The percentageRead MoreSynthesis Of Aspirin Synthesis825 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis of Aspirin Erin Chase Arellano CHEM 12A ABSTRACT Acetylsalicylic or most commonly known as Aspirin is made through a combination of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. It is use to relieve mild to moderate pain such as muscle pain, headaches and common cold and reduce fever. The objective of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The purity of aspirin was tested using the ferric chloride test and % yield was also calculated. Below drawingRead MoreEsters And The Process Of Esterification709 Words   |  3 Pagescarboxylic acid derivatives most commonly produced by the reactions esterification. The most famous esterification is also called Fischer esterification, which is actually an acid-catalyzed reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid. In addition to acid, alcohols can react with acyl chlorides, anhydrides, and esters are also formed. U with the reaction of alcohol and acyl chloride, with the ester there is HCl, so in such esterification reactions should be added to the base which will bind the acid producedRead MorePharmaceutical Industry : Chemical Synthesis Essay2219 Words   |  9 PagesPharmaceutical Industry: Chemical Synthesis Production of Acetylsalicylic Acid I. Introduction Pharmaceutical industry is one of the biggest industry in the world as it involves drugs and medications - something that is very stable in terms of demand. This can be proven by the amount of sales as of 2012. Figure 1.1 shows the breakdown of the market of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. However, aside from the production and synthesis of drugs and medications, the industry is also involvedRead MoreSynthesis Of Aspirin Lab Report1101 Words   |  5 PagesExperiment 19: Synthesis of Aspirin and Oil of Wintergreen The purpose of this experiment was to employ techniques to synthesize aspirin and oil of wintergreen and to purify crude aspirin via recrystallization. Additionally, techniques were learned to determine the purity of the synthesized organic molecule of acetylsalicylic acid using a back-titration method. The objectives of the experiment were achieved by synthesizing the organic molecules of acetylsalicylic acid (using salicylic acid and aceticRead MoreExperiment 8: Acetylsalicylic Acid Experiment1650 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment 8: Acetylsalicylic Acid Experiment 01/25/2013 CHM Lab- 2211 Sec 0016 Instructor: Jennifer Reed Introduction: Commonly used as Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid is an analgesic (pain reliever), which is one of the products of the esterification reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. This esterification occurs since the hydroxyl group from the salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride to form an ester. In this experiment, we will be able to recreate this acid catalyzedRead More(Trinity Ems Ambulance In Lowell Ma (Left) And Umass Lowell1456 Words   |  6 Pages(Trinity EMS ambulance in Lowell MA (left) and UMass Lowell EMS Class V non transporting ambulance (right)) UMass Lowell EMS currently carries five different types of medication on their trucks: Aspirin, Narcan, Glucose, Epinephrine, and Albuterol. Technically, oxygen is listed as a Basic Life Support (BLS) medication, but is not listed as it is readily available in the air. EMT-Basics (EMT-Bs) were able to use activated charcoal for ingestion poisonings, but are currently no longer legally allowed

Women During the Progressive Era - 2268 Words

Unit II: Women during the Progressive Era Kenedra Coney HIS 204 Professor Owens May 29, 2011 Unit II: Women in the Progressive Era During the decades between 1890s and 1920s there was a new age of reform there was so much reform activity that historians called this era the Progressive Era. During this time there were millions of Americans that were organized in association to many solutions to industrialization, urbanization, and immigration problems that brought about a new social reform order. In Unit Two, the Progressivism era emerges during the mid-1890s that continued shaping and changing the role of all women causing them to leave their homes and changed their way of life with gaining equal rights and rights against women suffrage.†¦show more content†¦(Davidson). The struggle for women’s right to vote was one key factor in the women’s fight for equality. The woman suffrage movement began in 1848 throughout the years the woman suffrage supporters worked to educate the public about woman suffrage under the leadership of Susan B. Anthony, Elizabet h Cady Stanton, and many other women’s rights pioneers. Even though the conference for women’s rights was held at Seneca Falls in 1848, women reformers pressed for the right to vote on the grounds for equal opportunity and simple justice. Progressive reformers embraced women’s suffrage by expressing what they felt were the practical outcomes such as reducing political corruption, protecting the home, and increasing the votes of native-born whites. Alice Paul and Lucy Burns met in England where they became involved in the struggle for women’s rights in the England. They both participated in public activities to support and promote women’s equality but were jailed several times in London. Alice Paul then returned to the United States where she joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in 1912. Alice Paul and Lucy Burn in 1913 formed the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage that made an effort to get a constitutional amendment passed by Congress. The Congressional Union soon became the NationalShow MoreRelatedWomen During The Progressive Era987 Words   |  4 PagesWoman in the progressive era What is a woman’s role? Is it to be a housewife and take care of her husband and children? Or is it much more then that. Between the years 1897- 1917 the progressive era came of age. This era not only created rapid economic growth but also created a voice for woman. As woman began to have a voice they were ready to use it and make a change that would affect American history forever. The progressive era was an era of change. The great depression had just ended andRead MoreLessons Learnt From the Great Depression and Progressive Era1386 Words   |  6 PagesLessons from the Great Depression Progressive Era Lessons from the Great Depression Progressive Era The Progressive Era in American history began slightly before the turn of the 20th century and continued into the second decade of the 20th century, ending around the beginning of World War I. The Great Depression of 20th century American occurred in 1929 and the more intense short-term effects lasted up and through World War II. The paper will scrutinize specific events of this period providingRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of America1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Progressive Era was a period that changed America greatly due to political reforms and social activism. This era brought forth many changes in America and almost all Americans were involved in this movement somehow. This period began in the late 1800s and lasted until the mid-1900s. The Progressive Era was one of the biggest movements in America. The main point of this movement was to purify the government. Several historians have wrote excerpts on their perspective of the Progressive Era. GeorgeRead MoreThe Gilded Age : An Era Of Extreme Corruption1169 Words   |  5 PagesDuring their time in grade school, students are taught that after Reconstruction of the Civil War, America enters the Gilded Age from 1877 till about the 1890’s. Then the next era would be the Progressive Era beginning from where the Gilded Age left off till around 1920. Though these eras are accepted in the historical community, some historians argue that it is useless to label these two as separate eras in American history. One historian is Rebecca Edwards in her article Politics, Social MovementRead MoreWomen, African Americans And Literature1747 Words   |  7 PagesWomen, African-Americans Literature in the Progressive Era One of the greatest turning points in American history was the Progressive era due to the advancements and social responses led by women and people of color. Many depictions of this era through secondary sources can be used to see the conflicts faced by the individuals of the time period and the political movement that ensued right after. Many favorable outcomes resulted from this time period including the start of reformation from womenRead MoreDealing with the Class Gap During the Progressive Era830 Words   |  3 Pagesplethora of issues to be dealt with within the Progressive Era, one of the most noteworthy issues to discuss would be that of the working class and the businessmen of the first quarter of the 1900s. The reason why these two portions of society within the Progressive Era are the most relevant to discuss stems from the fact that during the Progressive Era there was a great gap between the upper-class (businessmen) and the lower-class (working class). It was during th is time that the country was experiencingRead MoreThe Progressive Era And Its Impact On American History1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Progressive Era was a period of broad and varied movement which changed American values and life styles by having everlasting impact on American History. Most of the people during the progressive eras, lives changed through. During the Progressive Era Women wanted the right to vote and work outside their homes. Workers wanted better wages, hours, and safe condition while they are working. Coming with people who had race, which means all people wo were not white, they wanted a freedom, place toRead MoreProgressive Era and the New Deal857 Words   |  4 PagesProgressive Era and the New Deal (Question 5) During the Progressive Era, the reformers were stricter and did not provide direct help, while the reformers in the New Deal were a little more direct in helping Americans. The progressive era policies were more concerned with correcting the society. All three presidents during this time period, including Theodore Roosevelt, Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson, implemented some progressive reforms. It was the government’s policy to correct social and economicRead MoreProgressive Era Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesThe Progressive Era Have you ever thought about the Progressive Era and the impact our amendments have on it, or the impact it has on our amendments? The sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth show great examples of the Progressive Era. The sixteenth shows the political and social change just like the eighteenth amendment . The seventeenth amendment was the outgrowth of the progressive era, leaving the nineteenth amendment to be the political corruption and social change of theRead MoreEssay about The Progressive Era: Conflicting Viewpoints1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe Progressive Era: Conflicting Viewpoints Works Cited Missing Two people witnessing the same event can have very different views on it depending on their information and perspective. The presentation of history also changes depending on the resources and prior prejudices and personal views of the historian. Four historian’s interpretations on the Progressive Era and Progressivism were reviewed to determine whether their arguments and use of evidence were sound. Also, the particular known

Ups Case Study - 1410 Words

1. What kind of information and services does the Web site provide for individuals, small businesses, and large businesses? List these services and write several paragraphs describing one of them, such as UPS Trade Direct or Automated Shipment Processing. Explain how you or your business would benefit from the service. United Parcel Service (UPS) started out in 1907 with intention to serve people with best services and lowest rates. UPS is a company that delivers packages and also documents to more than 6.1million customers in more than 200 countries around the world. â€Å"UPS’s primary business is the time definite delivery of packages and documents worldwide. UPS provides lot of services where the individuals, small businesses or large†¦show more content†¦Let’s see how the UPS Trade Direct works. UPS will pick up or receive your shipments, provide consolidation, transport your shipment to the destination country, provide customs clearance, deconsolidate into individual shipments, drop them into either the UPS package or less-than-truckload (LTL) network and deliver them directly to your customers.UPS Trade Direct can be done using the following services as indicated below. †¢ UPS Trade Direct Air †¢ UPS Trade Direct Ocean †¢ UPS Trade Direct Cross Border Many of the businesses would benefit from UPS Trade Direct. UPS Trade Direct services are available for International supply chain. It provides the following services. UPS Trade Direct Air. Improves international supply chain efficiently by accelerating speed to market and increasing control. UPS Trade Direct Cross Border. Access an integrated freight and package that offers pickup and delivery across the Mexico/U.S. and Canada/U.S. borders. UPS Trade Direct Ocean. Delivering of goods from overseas directly to customer’s locations. Here are the advantages of using UPS Trade Direct in small and large businesses. †¢ Makes it less expensive to do business overseas †¢ Reduces handling †¢ Reduces customs paperwork †¢ Eliminates issues with multiple carrier bills †¢ Reduces material handling costs I can benefit from this service by having my parcelShow MoreRelatedCase Study 10.1: Electrolux Cleans Up Essay615 Words   |  3 PagesCase Study 10.1: Electrolux Cleans Up Amanda M. Green BUS5450 – Organizational Behavior Dr. McKibbin August 10, 2012 Electrolux Cleans Up The housewives of today rely on innovation to produce household products with the capabilities of simplifying their jobs at home. Companies, such as Electrolux, have teams of employees assigned to the task of creating new kitchen appliances and cleaning products geared around the needs of the world that can take their company to next level in modern technologyRead MoreUps Case Study1025 Words   |  5 PagesSystems in Global Business Today Case 1: UPS Global Operations with the DIAD IV Tags: UPS global operations; handheld computers; wireless mobile platform; digital firm; integration of business; customer value generation. Summary How IT drives the UPS operation worldwide. Using smart people and smart technology, UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wirelessly connected to UPS main databases located in seventeenRead MoreUps Case Study1234 Words   |  5 Pagesinclude pickup and delivery times, location while en route, and package recipient. The outputs also include various reports, such as all packages for a specific account or a specific driver or route, as well as summary reports for management. CASE STUDY QUESTIONS 1. What are the inputs, processing, and outputs of UPS’s package tracking system? Inputs: The inputs include package information, customer signature, pickup, delivery, time-card data, current location (while en route), and billingRead MoreCase Study Ups967 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study Questions 1. What are UPS Smart Labels? What role do they play in UPS operations? The UPS Smart Label is a computer-generated shipping label that you can create using your personal computer. One of the key elements of the smart label is the barcode. The information contained in a smart-label barcode can benefit you significantly. Among these, a UPS Smart Label provides you with the following: Increased reliability, since the barcode contains data imported directly from your systemRead MoreUps Case Study4350 Words   |  18 PagesUV0906 UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA, INC. United Parcel Service of America, Inc. (UPS) had grown spectacularly from its humble beginning in 1907, when 19-year-old Jim Casey borrowed $100 to start a messenger and homedelivery service for Seattle department stores. By 2007, UPS had become a global public company, with a market cap of $74 billion, more than 428,000 employees, $47 billion in revenue, and operations in more than 200 countries. A recognized leader among packagedelivery companiesRead MoreUps Case Study1919 Words   |  8 PagesCASE STUDY – UPS – United Parcel Service Inc. US$42.6 Billion This article is excerpted from E-Volve-or-Die.com: Thriving in the Internet Age Through E-Commerce Management, by Mitchell Levy (New Riders Publishing, 2000, ISBN 0-7357-1028-7). www.ups.com History of Transformation UPS has been in the package delivery business for 95 years, providing services to businesses and consumers worldwide in more than 200 countries. In 1994, UPS began to investigate the potential of e-commerce and startedRead MoreUPS: Case Study Questions617 Words   |  3 PagesUPS: Case study Q1. Their stated purpose is: Enabling commerce around the world. Observe the types of business UPS is in. How do their various business units fit this statement? UPS is primarily known as a shipping and freight company. Virtually everyone who has ordered something online has received a package from the famous brown UPS truck. UPS enables goods to be delivered from businesses to consumers. It also ships freight by the truckload (and less-than-truckload) and by ocean and air. UPSRead MoreUps-Hp Case Study2323 Words   |  10 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2 Executive summary Page 3 Introduction Page 4 Main supply chain issues within the Hewlett Packard-UPS case study Page 6 Strategies for the future Page 8 Conclusion 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The concept of supply chain is tightly linked to the concept of collaboration. A supply chain by nature involves the interaction of two or more firms, sharing resources, risks and capabilities and jointly working to achieve higher business performance. Therefore, companies involvedRead MoreUPS Case Study Essay1773 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction UPS United Parcel service UPS was founded in 1907 as a messenger company in the United States and now has grown into a $49.7 billion corporation by clearly focusing on the goal of enabling commerce around the globe. Today UPS is a global company with one of the most recognized and admired brands in the world. UPS has become the worlds largest package delivery company and a leading global provider of specialized transportation and logistics services. Every day, UPS managesRead MoreCase Study Ethical Dilemma Of Ups1486 Words   |  6 Pages Case Study—Ethical Dilemma of UPS Mingweizi He Marshall University 12/01/2015 Case Study—Ethical Dilemma of UPS For several decades, business has been facing the most intense scrutiny it has ever received from the public especially with the aspect of business ethics. The public’s view of business ethics

Research Paper on Sylvia Plath free essay sample

Biography Part I Sylvia Plath was born on October 27, 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts. She lived with her parents Otto Emil Plath and Aurelia Schober Plath and later her brother Warren in the suburbs of Boston (Steinberg). Plath published her first poem at eight years old and was very intelligent. Some would even call her a model daughter because of her straight A’s, popularity in school, and her thrive to be perfect at everything (Gilson). Perfection deceived Plath because it was used to hide her true feelings of depression. These were due to the death of her father in 1940, one week after her eighth birthday (Gilson). Plath pushed forward through the pain and got a scholarship to Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts. She was very ecstatic to be a ‘Smith Girl’ and tried her best to excel in all of her classes. Plath then moved to New York for a Guest Editorship prize she won in a Mademoiselle contest. While there, Plath began to breakdown and soon had to come home exhausted, emotionally, mentally, and physically. She also came home because she was relying on getting into a Harvard summer class on writing, which she did not receive. Hearing this news broke her even more and she declares not being able to sleep, read, or write, because of it in her novel The Bell Jar (Steinberg). Due to her unhappiness and loss of sleeping, reading, and writing, Plath began to feel suicidal. She nearly killed herself by overdosing on sleeping pills but eventually recovered by having electroshock treatments and psychotherapy (Gilson). Plath excelled more than ever now that the sad days were behind her and she also met her husband, Ted Hughes who was a well known poet as well. Together, they each wrote the best poems of their lifetime and eventually had two children (Steinberg). Plath’s and Hughes’ marriage did not last long because Hughes was caught having an affair with another woman. During this time, Plath wrote many harsh poems about men and expressed her opinions about them by using very feminist diction. The divorce broke Plath’s heart and she became very hopeless again after this event (Steinberg). She was a single woman with two ill children and low money which increased her feelings of sorrow greatly. Gilson) In 1963, Plath killed herself by placing her head in a gas oven; leaving her two children in the care of a house keeper (Steinberg). Although Plath was crazy and had strong opinions about men, she produced many poems about woman’s liberation in the pre-modern period that impacted many people’s lives greatly. Plath’s grave is located in Yorkshire, and is visited by hundreds of her followers each year (Steinberg). Summary of Criticisms Part II In Adams’ criticism, â€Å"Life amp; Letters: ‘The Bell Jar’†, she writes about The Bell Jar, stating that Plath’s novel is â€Å"not really good† as a first novel from an author should be. She explains herself by further saying that it very much an autobiography and in a way, dishonest because it represents a girl becoming crazy. The reader may not thoroughly understand why Adams’ said this because Sylvia was mentally ill, so in a way she was being completely honest. Adams’ must have been trying to establish that if Sylvia would have just written this book as an autobiography instead of a memoir, then she would be writing completely about herself. Nothing would be confused because Plath would be writing about her own life and feelings. According to Adams’, Plath never gave insight on her own reality in the book. She instead would create flashbacks for the main character, Esther, to have in order to fill the pages of the book. Nothing was in present time which Adams’ feels is a mistake, but others may think that every flashback Plath wrote, gave a clue to what was going to happen in the future. (Adams) Corrigan’s criticism, â€Å"Sylvia Plath: a New Feminist Approach†, starts by saying how the way Plath writes about boyfriends in The Bell Jar is a sort of complement to how she writes about them in her poem Ariel. This is an interesting statement because in The Bell Jar, Plath does not make men in general sound good at all, so what is written in Ariel must be completely awful. Plath also always has strong women roles in her stories, which give evidence that Plath may be a feminist. This may be because that is what the characters in both her novel The Bell Jar and her poem Ariel are. Corrigan doesn’t know if Plath’s feminism is political or social, but that they are also shown in her poem Daddy, portrayed angrily. Plath’s main character in The Bell Jar was never really happy with herself for what she was and never felt like she could do what she wanted to, which eventually led to her going crazy. This leads Corrigan to question how any woman could ever perceive anything through Plath’s work if they were looking for freedom and self knowledge because her roles of women are so bitter. Corrigan describes how Plath’s poems are shocking and that they â€Å"tear life wide open†. These qualities, she says, bring meaning to the heavy day-to-day process and tend to hide what is really going on. They don’t show the reality in the poems and focus on instead a very big plot or surprise within the work. Finally, according to Plath, women’s lives continuously go downhill from the moment they are born which may indicate that Plath was insecure and unhappy with herself. Plath probably even recognized this quality, but didn’t do anything but embrace it (Corrigan). Maloff’s first description of Plath’s The Bell Jar from his criticism, â€Å"The Poet as Cult Goddess†, is â€Å"schoolgirlish† because there is no imagination and the events are taken from life and not written into anything special. He says the book is chronological and that if Plath’s â€Å"madness† had started before prior events, that it would be better for those people searching for a more mystical story. Plath did drag on the main character, Esther’s, climb to madness for quite a while which made the story line quite boring for the first few chapters. He describes how the book isn’t special because the suicidal acts are random â€Å"forms of tantrum† and undeserved. The only feeling the story really has is spitefulness because this book was written in Plath’s life experiences under a character’s name (Maloff). Taubman respects Plath’s writing style and says that her novel The Bell Jar is very clever in his criticism, â€Å"Anti-heroes†. He points out that the main character, Esther, is very smart with the world but does not belong in Boston or New York. Big cities may have been the cause of her madness because they can be stressful at times and Plath did not need that added to her already, hard life. He declares that Plath has a different kind of smart and that it is portrayed in her breakdown. She doesn’t go mad in a disturbing way, because it is seen more as a burden on herself more than anyone else. He says that Plath just â€Å"jumps to conclusion† on unqualified evidence and decides to do harmful things to her body, even though she is â€Å"quite sane†. This may be because Plath wanted to feel like she would make an impact on someone, perhaps make them feel bad as though it was their fault she killed herself (Taubman). Synthesis Essay Part III Free From Life Sylvia Plath is an author of many poems and one novel. Her life is an emotional rollercoaster that eventually leads to deep depression. Plath’s first novel was published when she was just eight years old, and her love of writing blossomed from there. She often gets bad reviews which piles on to more unhappiness than she already has due to her father’s death. In her only novel, The Bell Jar, Plath writes completely about herself and her life through a character named Esther. In her novel, she expresses her climb of insanity through undescriptive diction that captures her true style of writing, explains her smalls steps to becoming suicidal and attempting to kill herself, reveals herself as a very opinioned woman who feels that dying is the answer to everything, and impacts the pre-modern era by supporting women’s liberation. Sylvia Plath’s style of writing is impacted through the trials she has gone through with depression. At times, her writing is very thought out and contains good analogies and other literary devices, but most of the time her book contains undescriptive diction. Critic, Saul Maloff, declares â€Å"nothing is imagined; the events come straight out of life, untransfigured; the madness and suicide are facts like any other. No insight, no illumination, no irony, no following wisdom† (Maloff). Maloff is correct on his statement. Plath does not have a good way with words. Her novel, The Bell Jar, is full of stories from her life mashed up into a book with a clever title on top. She doesn’t connect with the reader and doesn’t explain herself thoroughly when describing why she went mad. Another critic, Phoebe-Lou Adams, has a similar point of view to Maloff. She says â€Å"It is also highly autobiographical†¦ [but] never solved the problem of providing the reader with the clues to the objective reality of episodes reported through the consciousness of a deranged narrator† (Adams). Again Plath’s writing is said to not being descriptive enough. This is a common struggle for Plath that is present in a lot of her work. Her lack of excitement for life also plays a big role in the fact that her writing is dull because why would someone who wants to die care about being descriptive. Plath’s insanity did not come all at once, it took a while for her to realize how crazy she really was. In fact, as a teen, she was even considered a â€Å"model daughter†. Everyone wanted to be like her because she was popular, smart, and a perfect, but this did not last long. Plath describes her climb of insanity in The Bell Jar, and gives the reader clues of how crazy she is getting by providing evidence. A quotation from her novel states: I hadn’t, at the last moment, felt like washing off the two diagonal lines of dried blood that marked my cheeks. They seemed touching, and rather spectacular, and I thought I would carry them around with me, like the relic of a dead lover, till they wore off on their own accord†¦ ‘Why lovey, what’s happened to your face? ’ ‘Cut myself,’ I said briefly and crawled into the back seat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Plath 112-113) In this quotation, Plath perfectly describes how much she cares about herself and her physical appearance. It portrays that Plath’s craziness has gone to such a level that doing these abnormal things seem quite elegant and possibly even pretty to her. Taubman has an interesting point of view on Plath’s suicide as well. He claims â€Å"Despite the asylums and shock treatment, she goes mad in a rather undisturbing way, partly because she writes about it with such bright assurance, partly because it’s seen much less as a failure in herself than as a judgment on the world† (Taubman). His opinion is very optimistic in a way that it makes the reader think about what kind of a person Sylvia Plath is. If he truly believes that she wasn’t depressed because she was a failure, then why would so many of her poems be written about things in her life including depression, feminism, and oddly enough, failure. It is possible to say that Plath didn’t blame herself for this horrible self-destruction; instead she blamed the world for not trying to make her stop doing it. Eventually Plath’s craziness gets to such a level that she believes death would be better than living. In The Bell Jar, Plath wrote a lot about different ways of killing herself. She often wanted to try them right then and there, but didn’t have the right supplies. This is shocking because most people believe that life is something to be cherished and not throw away. Sylvia Corrigan, a critic, also shares this same opinion, she says, â€Å"There can be no doubt that her poems are charged with an electricity that shocks, tears life wide open, that exposes a rawness and a meanness under thick blankets of the ongoing process of day-to-day life which tends to muffle the real facts of being†(Corrigan). Plath didn’t find life an adventure at all. She was continuously trying to find something to be unhappy or complain about, which is the theme in The Bell Jar. A quotation from the book states â€Å"I fixed my eyes on the largest cloud, as if, when it passed out of sight, I might have the good luck to pass with it† (Plath 101). Plath always thought about death, whether or not death was near. It could be seen in the most happiest times in her life or most saddest, but it always seemed to be in the back of her mind. It often came up in her novel The Bell Jar, foreshadowing Plath wanting to die. She even attempted it a few times and ended up living afterward, which is ironic because all she ever wanted to do was stop living forever, Sylvia Plath impacted her pre-modern time period a lot because she had a strong opinion on women’s liberation. Corrigan exclaims that the feelings of woman’s roles in Plath’s works are â€Å"often so complex that it is difficult to glean any evidence of a truly feminist bent. She is a feminist in the sense that she perceives inequalities and expresses them excruciatingly well; but there is no prescription for positive thinking or acting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Corrigan). At this point in time, Plath is very defensive of her rights as a woman because they are starting to be questioned. She writes about them a lot in her poems and especially in her book The Bell Jar. She seems to feel the need to make sure that women are equal but she doesn’t care about what kind of role she is putting out for people to see. In Taubman’s criticism he says â€Å"†¦her sharpness is expressed in such an inner-directed way that on the rare occasions her thoughts get out and touch the world at all they do so only a tangent: ‘If there’s anything I look down on, it’s a man in a blue outfit. Black or grey, or brown even. Blue just makes me laugh’† (Taubman). Plath really did not like men very much and it is clearly shown in this quotation. She goes to the silliest extremes to make men feel bad just to look down upon them. Especially now that people know that she is a feminist, it is shocking that she kills herself with two children left behind. If she were a true believer, she would have been strong and fought the battle of depression instead of giving up so easily and letting her era down. It is also ironic how she wanted more rights for women, but she was not willing to keep up the fight so future generations could have them. This shows just the kind of person Sylva Plath really was; deeply unhappy, strong willed, weak hearted. Sylvia Plath’s life is filled with depression and craziness. She struggles with the ability to stay strong for her people when they truly need her most. In her only novel, The Bell Jar, she writes about her life and in it, expresses her climb of insanity through undescriptive diction that captures her true style of writing, explains her smalls steps to becoming suicidal and attempting to kill herself, reveals herself as a very opinioned woman who feels that dying is the answer to everything, and impacts her era by supporting women’s liberation but falls short of strength to pull through and truly fight for it.